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1 June 2007 CRANIOFACIAL ANATOMY OF MAJUNGASAURUS CRENATISSIMUS (THEROPODA: ABELISAURIDAE) FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF MADAGASCAR
SCOTT D. SAMPSON, LAWRENCE M. WITMER
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Abstract

Recent fieldwork in the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Maevarano Formation, northwest Madagascar, has yielded important new skull material of the abelisaurid theropod, Majungasaurus crenatissimus. One of these specimens in particular—a virtually complete, disarticulated, and well preserved skull—greatly elucidates the craniofacial osteology of abelisaurids. Herein we describe the skull and lower jaws of this mid-sized theropod dinosaur. A number of features of the facial skeleton and cranium (as well as the postcranium) appear to result from increased levels of mineralization and ossification, which, at least in some instances, can be related directly to specific soft-tissue structures; examples include lacrimal-postorbital contact dorsal to the orbit, suborbital processes of the lacrimal and postorbital, presence of a mineralized interorbital septum, fused interdental plates, and mineralization of the overlying integument. Autapomorphic features include a highly derived nasal—greatly thickened and fused to its counterpart, with a large interior pneumatic chamber—and a median, ‘dome’-like thickening of the frontals, which appear to have been variably pneumatized by a paranasal air sac. Majungasaurus also possesses a derived suite of skull morphologies, including: a rostrocaudally abbreviated, dorsoventrally deep, and transversely broad skull; an expanded occiput, likely associated with expanded cervical musculature; short-crowned dentition; and an enlarged external mandibular fenestra consistent with a moderate degree of intramandibular movement or accommodation. A number of characters, present on both the skull and postcranial skeleton, suggest a divergent mode of predation relative to other, non-abelisaurid theropods.

MALAGASY ABSTRACT (FAMINTINANA)—Ireo asa fikarohana natao tao amin'ny Fiforonanana Maevarano tamin'ny vanim-potoana Cretaceous Ambony (Maastrichtian) tany amin'ny faritra avaratr'andrefan'i Madagasikara dia nahitana taolan-karan-doha vaovao tena sarobidy tokoa izay an'ny abelisaurid theropod, Majungasaurus crenatissimus. Iray tamin'ireo taolana ireo dia nisongadina satria saika feno tanteraka na tsy nitambatra tsara intsony aza dia tena voatahiry tsara io taolan-doha io, ka nahahana nampiseho mazava tsara ny fiforonan'ny taolan'ny loha sy ny tavan'ny abelisaurids. Koa eto izahay dia manazava ny taolan-doha sy ny valan-dranon'ny theropod dia ireo theropod dinozaoro izay manana vatana tsy lehibe nefa tsy kely koa. Maro amin'ireo toetran'ny taolan'ny endrika sy ny loha (sy ny aorinan'ny loha) dia ohatry ny vokatry ny fitombon'ny fivontoan'ny mineraly sy ny taolana, izay, farafahakeliny ho an'reo karazany sasany, dia azo heverina ho misy fifandraisany amin'ny firafitr'ireo rakotra malefaka miavaka; ohatra ny fifandraisan'ny lacrimal-postorbital aoriana amin'ny lavaky ny maso, ny vohitry ny suborbital-n'ny lacrimal sy ny postorbital, ny fisian'ny fvontosan'ny mineraly interorbital septum, fitambaran'ny taolam-pisaka manelana ny nify, ary fivontosan'ny mineraly tegument anatiny mipetraka ambony. Ireo toetra autapomorphic dia ahitana ireo taolan'orona nisy fivoarana be, izay manome endrika matevina sy mitambatra amin'ny lafiny mifanila aminy, ka ny endrika anatiny dia malalaka afaka hitoeran'ny rivotra, sy mitondra vohitra afovoany toa mampitombo ny fahatevenan'ny taolan'andrina, izay toa milaza fa toa afaka nitoeran'ny rivotra noho ny paranasal izay kitapon-drivotra. Majungasaurus koa dia manana endriky ny fivoaran'ny karan-doha, ka anisan'izany ny fihenan'ny rostro aoriana, lalina ny faritra afovoany-aoriana, sy mivelatra ny sisin'ny karan-doha, mivelatra ny occiput, izay mampiseho ny toetra mafonja ny hozatry ny loha; boribory-fohy ny nify; ary mivelatra ny mandibular fenestra ivelany mifanaraka amin'ny fahafahan'ny fihetsehana na

SCOTT D. SAMPSON and LAWRENCE M. WITMER "CRANIOFACIAL ANATOMY OF MAJUNGASAURUS CRENATISSIMUS (THEROPODA: ABELISAURIDAE) FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF MADAGASCAR," Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(sp8), 32-102, (1 June 2007). https://doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[32:CAOMCT]2.0.CO;2
Accepted: 5 January 2007; Published: 1 June 2007
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