Field, greenhouse, and laboratory studies were conducted to examine the potential for antagonism of postemergence graminicides when tank-mixed with cloransulam and to determine the role of herbicide absorption and translocation in observed antagonistic responses. Cloransulam antagonized annual grass control with aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides fluazifop-P, quizalofop, and the prepackaged formulation of fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop. Cloransulam did not affect annual grass control with the cyclohexandiones clethodim and sethoxydim. In the greenhouse, increasing the rate of the graminicides was a more effective strategy for overcoming antagonism for quizalofop than for fluazifop-P or fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop, and success was species dependent. Annual grass control with clethodim, sethoxydim, and glyphosate was not adversely affected by tank mixtures with cloransulam. Control of large rhizome johnsongrass was initially reduced when cloransulam was mixed with sethoxydim, fluazifop-P plus fenoxaprop, or quizalofop. By 6 wk after treatment, control of rhizome johnsongrass was antagonized only when cloransulam was mixed with sethoxydim. Rainfall within 1.5 h of application reduced johnsongrass control with glyphosate and sethoxydim but did not affect activity of the other herbicides. Absorption of 14C-fluazifop-P and 14C-quizalofop into broadleaf signalgrass was not affected by cloransulam 6 or 24 h after treatment. Translocation of 14C-fluazifop-P to broadleaf signalgrass shoot tissue above and below the treated leaf was decreased when fluazifop-P was combined with cloransulam. Translocation of quizalofop was not affected by cloransulam.
Nomenclature: Clethodim; cloransulam; fenoxaprop; fluazifop-P; glyphosate; quizalofop; sethoxydim; broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash #3 BRAPP; johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. # SORHA.
Additional index words: Absorption, annual grasses, antagonism, herbicide interactions, tank mixtures, translocation.
Abbreviations: APP, aryloxyphenoxypropionate; CHD, cyclohexanedione; HAT, hours after treatment; WAT, weeks after treatment.
