The moss genus Pohlia is most diverse in the Northern Hemisphere, but ten species occur in Australia, mostly in New South Wales and Tasmania. One species, P. clavaeformis, is endemic to Australia; P. tenuifolia is disjunct between Australia and South America; P. flexousa is widespread in southern Asia, and P. inflexa is high-latitude, circum-Antarctic. The remaining six species are more or less widespread in the Northern Hemisphere. Keys, descriptions, synonomy, and illustrations are provided. Pohlia mielichoferia and P. turgens are newly synonymized with P. clavaeformis; P. flexuosa and P. inflexa are newly reported from Australia.