Minimizing tillage has been promoted as an agricultural practice that may mitigate greenhouse gas emissions through carbon sequestration. However, there is some ambiguity regarding the effect of minimum tillage (MT) on emissions of other greenhouse gases, in particular soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. To determine how effective MT could be in helping Canada mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, we used a meta-analysis to compare growing season N₂O emissions from MT versus conventional tillage (CT). Overall, MT had 12% lower N₂O emissions compared to CT (P = 0.03). However, there was high variability due to soil texture and growing season precipitation (GSP), with MT tending to emit more N₂O than CT in climates where GSP exceeded 600 mm, particularly for soils with sand content less than 60%. Therefore, unless long-term tillage trials, which are urgently needed in eastern Canada, show a reduction in N₂O emissions over time, MT should be used as a greenhouse gas mitigation measure only in dry climates or on sandy soils.