Etymology: From Spanish chinche, bug (Heteroptera), and koala, Australian native name of Phascolarctos cinereus; referring to the resemblance of the specimen's head in ventral view with a koala head.

Type species: Chinchekoala qunita sp. nov. (by monotypy); see below.

Diagnosis.—As for the type species by monotypy.

Remarks.—Although the Pentatomoidea are widely considered monophyletic, the internal relationships of the group are not consensual and obscured due to high amount of homoplasy in the morphological signal at familial and subfamilial level (e.g., Gapud 1991; Grazia et al. 2008; Hassan and Kitching 1993; Kment and Garbelotto 2016; Yao et al. 2013). Awaiting finding new evidence, I refrain from assigning the new genus to any particular family, pending further study.

Etymology: In reference to the kit Qunita, a great example of a public health policy in 2015 conducted to reduce the maternal and infant mortality in Argentina, especially promoting maternity care and the usage of a sophisticated baby box and of a turbulette. In memory of Tiago Ares, designer of Qunita, passed away on 27th October 2015.

Holotype: MPEF-PI 944a–b, dorsal and ventral sides of a female.

Type locality: Laguna del Hunco, province of Chubut, Patagonia, Argentina.

Type horizon: Ypresian (52 Ma), lower Eocene.

Diagnosis.—Tergite IX in females not visible dorsally (nor ven trally), covered by apically positioned tergite VIII; valvifers 9 fused, forming a single well-sclerotized piece; laterotergites 9 quite smaller than valvifers 8; head dorso-ventrally flattened and laterally carinate; mandibular plates (= juga) well developed, surpassing the clypeus and touching each other in dorsal view; head wider than long, anterior margin of head slightly convex; eyes reniform reaching both dorsal and ventral surface of head; interocular width greater than head length (1.7×); wellrounded and broad anteocular process completely embracing the anterior margin of the eye and perpendicular to the sagittal plane; postgenae (= temples) well surpassing the eye laterally; pronotum with broad and triangularly produced anterolateral angles parallel to the sagittal plane and reaching the anterior eye margin; slightly concave mesosternum; evaporatorium large and oval; spiracle long and slightly curved; peritreme long, spout-shaped and slightly falcate.

Description.—This description is based on a single specimen, the holotype MPEF-PI 944a–b, presenting a dorsal (Figs. 1, 3) and a ventral view (Figs. 2, 4) of a mainly complete body lacking antennae, legs, scutellum and wings.

Body: 14.5 mm long and 7.7 mm wide at pronotum. Head broader than long with numerous punctures (Figs. 3A, 4A); anterior margin of head somewhat convex; head 4.5 mm wide, 2.6 mm long (dorsal view); eyes reaching both dorsal and ventral surface of head; eyes well developed with ≈ 130 ommatidia either in dorsal (Fig. 2A) and ventral (Fig. 4A) sides; eyes, 0.35 mm wide in dorsal view, 0.3 mm wide in ventral view, 1 mm long in dorsal view, 0.9 mm long in ventral view; ommatidia showing juxtaposed crystalline cones hexagonally packed in the anterior portion of the eye (Fig. 4B); postgenae (= temples) well surpassing the eye laterally; anteocular length 1.5 mm; inter- ocular width 2.8 mm; inter-ocular width/head length ratio 0.6; ocelli situated posteromedially to eyes near anterior pronotal margin; distance between ocelli 1.6 mm; distance between eyes and ocellus 0.4 mm; mandibular plates superimposed (left one under right one) before clypeus for a short distance in dorsal view, separated in ventral view; apex of mandibular plates contiguous in dorsal view about 0.35 mm; lateral margins of mandibular plates deeply concave; clypeus bullet shaped; anteocular process completely embracing the anterior margin of the eye and perpendicular to the sagittal plane, round shaped, 0.7 mm long, with its anterior and posterior margins symmetrical; eyes almost enclosed anteriorly by the anteocular processes and posterolaterally by the expanded anterolateral angles of pronotum; labrum narrow; origin of the labium at the same height than anterior side of anteocular process, distinctly anterior to antennal sockets and anterior margins of eyes.

Pronotum: transverse with numerous punctures, 7.7 mm wide, 3.9 mm long; anteriorly strongly concave to receive head; anterolateral angles broad and triangular, parallel to the sagittal plane and produced anteriad, reaching reaching the anterior margin of eyes; humeral angles rounded.

Thoracic venter: punctated, with slightly concave and punctated mesosternum narrowing anteriad and posteriad (Fig. 4B); surface of pleura uneven; evaporatorium large with preserved dark oval area covering the mesepimeron and metepimeron; vestibular scar leading from ostiole inwards; spiracle developed, wide and long and slightly curved (posteriorly); peritreme long, spout-shaped, slightly falcate, apically curved anteriad, with peritremal surface oriented posteroventrally (Fig. 4B).

Abdomen in dorsal view: Tergites II to VIII visible because of the lack of preserved scutellum and wings, 8.6 mm wide at segment IV, 7.6 mm long; abdomen laterally arcuate, lateral margins of segments ca. straight, without projections; abdominal tergite VIII elongated ellipsoidal and not reaching the lateral margins of segment VII, covering the IX (Fig. 3C); laterotergites parallelogram shaped and narrow (only V preserved).

Abdomen in ventral view: with pregenital segments II to VII visible; spiracles placed on flat tubercles from segment III to segment VII; ventrites III to VII have laterally well visible transverse lateral muscle scars (= pseudosutures) posterior to spiracle (Fig. 2A).

Female external genitalia (Figs. 2B, 4C): Valvifers VIII subtriangular and separating each other forming a triangular shape widening distally; between the valvifers XIII, the valvifers IX fused (?); laterotergites IX well separated and between them the segment X; laterotergites IX smaller than valvifers VIII; laterotergites VIII thin and not well preserved.

Discussion.—The specimen is considered a Pentatomoidea because of the presence of several characters: (i) pronotum with the humeral and anterolateral angles developed, (ii) head dorso- ventrally flattened, (iii) mandibular plates well developed, reaching or surpassing the clypeus, (iv) fusion of abdominal sterna II–VII, (v) tergite IX in females not visible dorsally (and ventrally), covered by apically positioned tergite VIII. Character (i) is considered a synapomorphy of Pentatomoidea (excluding Urostylididae) by Grazia et al. (2008) but it is present also in some Coreoidea (Pavel Štys personal communication to Petrulevičius and Popov 2014). Characters (iv–v) are considered synapomorphies of Pentatomoidea by Yao et al. (2012) and Grazia et al. (2008), respectively.

The specimen has also the laterotergites IX separate, with segment X between them. This feature is present within pentatomoids in some Acanthosomatidae, Cydnidae, Thaumastellidae, Phloeidae, Scutelleridae, Aphylinae, and Pentatomidae except the Ochlerini (Grazia et al. 2008). The Acanthosomatidae have the valvifers VIII contiguous and some genera have also Pendergrast's organs in the abdomen unlike our specimen (Grazia et al. 2008). The studied specimen shares with the Phloeidae the compound eyes with well-developed dorsal and ventral surfaces, but these latter differ by the presence of body foliations and by having the abdominal tergite VIII splitting on the midline (see Grazia et al. 2008: fig. 11a). The Cydnidae (partim), Scutelleridae and Aphylinae have the antenniferous tubercles ventral on the head but partially obscured by the mandibular plates (Grazia et al. 2008), unlike the studied specimen which has the antenniferous tubercles completely covered by the enlarged mandibular plates. However, among the Scutelleridae, the genus Morbora Distant, 1899 also has the antenniferous tubercles completely covered (see Cassis and Vanags 2006). The specimen seems to have the valvifers IX fused which is a character of Pentatomidae excluding Cyrtocorinae (Grazia et al. 2008), Tessarotomidae and some Scutelleridae (e.g., Ahmad et al. 1988: fig. 8). However, this character is quite obscured and difficult to be confirmed in the specimen. The Tessarotomidae have no synapomorphies after Grazia et al. (2008) but have many differences with our specimen like the small and narrow head with respect to the body and the tergite IX dorsally visible. The placement of the fossil in Tessaratomidae sensu stricto (i.e., Tessaratominae + Natalicolinae) could also be excluded because it has a small ostiole and spout-shaped peritreme, and not the large ostiolar groove accompanied by two peritremal lobes as in Tessaratomidae sensu stricto (see Kment and Vilímová 2010b: figs. 1, 2). The specimen has the valvifers VIII subtriangular and separated from each other by a triangle with its base caudad. This character is shared with some Scutelleridae like Deroplax Mayr, 1864 (Ahmad et al. 1988) and Pentatomidae like Anoano Cachan, 1952 (Kment 2012). Our specimen shares with the female of Acanthosomatidae (except Blaudini and Lanopini), Cydnidae (except Amnestinae), Phloeidae (including Serbaninae), Thaumastellidae, Scutelleridae: Tectocorinae and Scutellerini, Aphylidae, and Pentatomidae (except Ochlerini) the laterotergites IX smaller than valvifers VIII and the segment X visible between the valvifers IX (Grazia et al. 2008).

The specimen is one of the few Pentatomoidea with a broad head and the mandibular plates touching each other in front of the clypeus. Other genera having these characters are found within the Discocephalinae (Campos and Grazia 2006; Rolston 1981, 1990), the Pentatominae: Sciocorini, Myrocheini, Caystrini, and Triplatygini (Kment and Garbelotto 2016) and the Phyllocephalinae (Kamaluddin and Ahmad 1988). The genera of Sciocorini, Myrocheini, and Castrini having broad heads possess the margins of head, pronotum and corium sharp, without lobes and the humeri of pronotum rounded (Kment and Garbelotto 2016), unlike the specimen studied here. We could exclude the genera of Triplatygini, which have spiny (when present) preocular lobes and anterolateral pronotal angles truncate with thin and pointed lobes (Kment 2008, 2012, 2015; Kment and Baena 2015). The genera of Discocephalinae could also be excluded by having the origin of the labium caudad to the anterior limit of the eyes and the peritreme not reaching the middle of the metapleuron (Gapud 1991; Rolston 1981; Rolston and McDonald 1979).

It is interesting to remark the similarities of the specimen with an Australian genus of Scutelleridae, Morbora. They share the broad head, anteocular process reaching the lateral eye margin, the anterolateral angles of pronotum reaching the anterior eye margin, and the eyes reaching far mediad, dorsally and ventrally. In Morbora the mandibular plates are not touching each other in front of the clypeus and it has other special generic characters like the valvifers VIII tripartite (Cassis and Vanags 2006) and the scutellum wide and covering the entire abdomen, like all Scutelleridae. The similarities of both genera are remarkable but the absence of a preserved scutellum in our specimen precludes deciding about any relationship with the Scutelleridae.

The specimen could be differentiated from the other fossil genus of Pentatomidae present in the Eocene of Patagonia, Acanthocephalonotum by the presence, in this latter, of pointed and triangular anteocular processes and the pronotum with a broad spine-like anterolateral process, stout and sharp (Petrulevičius and Popov 2014).

The specimen has also a character in the thoracic scent efferent system i.e., the vestibular scar leading from ostiole inwards (Fig. 4B; Petr Kment personal communication 2016). This character is only present sensu Kment and Vilímová (2010a) in Thaumastellidae, Cydnidae, Thyreocoridae, Parastrachiidae, Phloeidae: Phloeinae, Plataspidae, and Dinidoridae (partim). All these taxa except the Cydnidae had been excluded by other previously cited characters. Some cydnids have a broad head and the mandibular plates touching each other in front of the clypeus (see Lis and Heyna 2001: fig. 49), but there are no genera with anteocular processes. Unfortunately, the specimen does not preserve the legs, and thus it is unknown if they were spiny, like in Cydnidae (Petr Kment personal communication 2016), which precludes its attribution to this family awaiting a specimen with preserved legs.