Stigmaphyllon lanceolatum, a new species of Malpighiaceae, is described from Espírito Santo, Brazil. It is distinctive in its abaxially sericeous, lanceolate laminas borne on relatively short petioles. The limb of the posterior petal bears a pair of basal, stout, gland-tipped fimbriae. The stamens are heteromorphic. All styles bear apical folioles. A brief discussion of Stigmaphyllon in Espirito Santo accompanies a key to the thirteen species recorded (and one expected) from that state.