This work summarizes the preliminary taxonomic information available on the Orthoptera fauna of Hispaniola. Valid names, synonyms used in pertinent references, data on type specimens and species distributions are included. One hundred and three extant plus eight fossil species in Dominican amber are treated: Tridactylidae (1), Tetrigidae (12), Eumastacidae (10 1 fossil), Acrididae (20), Pyrgomorphidae (2), Tettigoniidae (22), Gryllidae (30 7 fossils), Anostostomatidae (3), Gryllacrididae (1), and Gryllotalpidae (2). Two genera of Tettigoniidae are recorded for the first time from the island.
Introduction
“Langosta suele aver en estas islas e Tierra-Firme algunos años, lo cual los indios y aun los chripstianos tienen á infelicidad é por cosa de mucho trabajo. Porque destruyen los mahiçales y heredades, y suele aver mucha en extremo, quando algun año viene; pero es cosa ordinaria aver algunas destas animalias. Y de los grillos saltadores lo mesmo; é aquestos son dañosos porque roen é horadan la ropa é vestidos, quando se crian en las casas. Hay de los otros que cantan, muchos é unos mayores que los otros, assi en el cuerpo como en el sonido é voces”
Although some species of Orthoptera have been exhaustively studied in their biology, taxonomic knowledge of the order on a worldwide basis and mainly in the Neotropical region is still preliminary. Until recently, Hispaniolan Orthoptera had never been considered in faunistic terms. The diversity of these insects in the island is poorly known, although it is clear that there are numerous species waiting to be discovered, especially crickets and katydids.
The characterization of Hispaniolan Orthoptera began, together with the establishment of biological taxonomy, with the publication of the 10th edition of the Systema Naturae (Linnaeus 1758): the katydid Neoconocephalus triops was described from Santo Domingo. Until 1900 only 31 species had been recorded from the island, increasing to 64 by 1984. Since then, Vickery & Poinar (1994) described seven species of fossil crickets from the Dominican amber, Ruíz & Otte (1996) added one species in a new genus of crickets and Desutter-Grandcolas & Otte (1997) described eight new species of Amphiacusta crickets. Wetherbee (1996) published a brief historical synopsis of the orthopteroid species discovered in the 19th century in Hispaniola. Most recently, several works by Perez et al. (1995a, 1995b, 1997a, 1997b, 1998) and Perez-Gelabert & Otte (1999, 2000)46, describe 31 new species of Hispaniolan grasshoppers and tetrigids, including one fossil eumastacid in Dominican amber.
The present checklist is largely based on an extensive survey of the taxonomic literature. Its purpose is to enhance the characterization of this fauna as a whole and the discovery of new taxa. I have resolved little of the nomenclatural problems, and it is possible that some species records are inaccurate, i. e., based on misidentifications. In any case, this list will provide a framework to address those problems. Species and higher categories are listed in alphabetical order, including the valid name, author, year of publication, page number, and published figures. Some information on the type specimens is also included. Citations and synonymy are limited to records from Hispaniola. Distributions are sometimes taken from multiple references not necessarily cited here.
One hundred and three extant plus eight fossil species (in Dominican amber) are treated in this list, including two genera of katydids (Phlugis sp. and Anaulacomera sp.) previously unrecorded for the island. Seventy species (68%) are considered endemic to the island. Based on the number of reported, unidentified and new species collected and the geographic coverage and intensity of my collecting efforts in the Dominican Republic, I estimate that there are around 400 species of Orthoptera in Hispaniola (Table 1). The largest diversities occur within the crickets and katydids, indicating that these groups include numerous new species.
Abbreviations.— Institutions and collections holding type specimens or other materials are designated throughout the paper using the following abbreviations: AMNH - American Museum of Natural History, New York; ANSP - Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; BMNH - British Museum of Natural History, London; CMNH - Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh; DEPG - Collection of Daniel E. Pérez-Gelabert, Rockville, Maryland; FSCA - Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville; GOPC - George O. Poinar Collection, Oregon State University, Corvallis; LEM - Lyman Entomological Museum, McGill University, Quebec, Canada; MBE - Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt Universität, Berlin, Germany; MCZ - Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachussetts; MNMS - Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain; MNHG Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneva, Switzerland; MNHNP - Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; NHMS - Naturhistorika Riksmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden; NMNH - National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.; NHMV - Naturhistoriches Museum Vienna, Austria; UFM – University of Florida Museum, Gainesville; UMMZ - University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and ZIUU - Zoologiska Institutionen Uppsala Universitet, Sweden.
Checklist of species
Order ORTHOPTERA
Suborder CAELIFERA
Family TRIDACTYLIDAE
Ellipes Scudder, 1902
Ellipes minutus histrionicus (Saussure, 1896)
Ellipes minuta: - Wolcott 1927: 152. Ellipes minutus histrionica: - Günther 1977: 62. Lectotype ♀, designated by Günther (1977), from southern Illinois, United States. [MCZ].
Distribution.— Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Tobago, Trinidad.
Family TETRIGIDAE
Subfamily CLADONOTINAE
Bahorucotettix Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Bahorucotettix larimar Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Perez-Gelabert et al. 1998: 196, Figs 4, 7, 8. Holotype ♀, from Larimar mine, near Filipinas, Sierra de Bahoruco, Dominican Republic. [FSCA].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Haitianotettix Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Haitianotettix tuberculatus Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Perez-Gelabert et al. 1998: 198, Figs 5, 7, 8. Holotype ♂, from 5 km NE of Los Arroyos, Sierra de Bahoruco, Dominican Republic. [CMNH].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Haitianotettix monstruosus Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Perez-Gelabert et al. 1998: 199, Figs 5, 7, 8. Holotype ♂, from Kenscoff, Haiti. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Hottettix Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Hottettix haitianus Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Perez-Gelabert et al. 1998: 195, Figs 3, 7, 8. Holotype ♂, from Massif de la Hotte, Haiti. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Mucrotettix Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Mucrotettix gibbosus Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Perez-Gelabert et al. 1998: 192, Figs 2, 7, 8. Holotype ♂, from Monte Diego de Ocampo, Cordillera Septentrional, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Mucrotettix spinifer Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Perez-Gelabert et al. 1998: 193, Figs 2, 7, 8. Holotype ♂, from Los Tablones, Parque Nacional J. A. Bermúdez, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Sierratettix Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Sierratettix carinatus Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Perez-Gelabert et al. 1998: 194, Figs 3, 7, 8. Holotype ♂, from Cortico, Sierra de Bahoruco, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Tiburonotus Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Tiburonotus peninsularis Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Perez-Gelabert et al. 1998: 197, Figs 4, 7, 8. Holotype ♂, from NE foothills of La Hotte, Haiti. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Truncotettix Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Truncotettix fronterizus Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Perez-Gelabert et al. 1998: 191, Figs 1, 7, 8. Holotype ♂, from Los Pinos del Edén, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic, Haiti.
Truncotettix interruptus Perez-Gelabert et al., 1998
Perez-Gelabert et al. 1998: 190, Figs 1, 7, 8. Holotype ♂, from Arroyo Toro, Bonao, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Subfamily TETRIGINAE
Micronotus Hancock, 1902
Micronotus quadriundulatus (Redtenbacher, 1892)
Neotettix quadriundulatus: - Hancock 1900: 25. Micronotus quadriundulatus: - Hancock 1902: 98. Perez-Gelabert 2000b: 337. Syntypes ♂ and ♀, from Chateaubelais, St. Vincent. [BMNH].
Distribution.— St. Vincent, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Trinidad.
Paratettix I. Bolívar, 1887
Paratettix freygessneri I. Bolívar, 1878
Merotettix pristinus Morse 1899: 199. Paratettix freygessneri: Rehn & Grant 1957: 255. Perez-Gelabert 2000b: 336. Syntype ♂, from Cuba. [MNMS].
Distribution.— Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Bahamas.
Family EUMASTACIDAE
Subfamily EPISACTINAE
Antillacris J.A.G. Rehn & J.W.H. Rehn, 1939
Antillacris eumenes Perez et al., 199742
Perez et al. 1997a: 143, Figs 3, 17, 18, 19h, k, l, o, r. Perez-Gelabert 1999: 55, Fig. 2a. Holotype ♀, from Loma Nalga de Maco, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Antillacris explicatrix J.A.G. Rehn & J.W.H. Rehn, 1939
Rehn & Rehn 1939: 202, pl. 8, Figs 19, 20. Perez et al. 1997a: 143, Fig. 19m. Holotype ♀ [juvenile], from Loma Rucilla, Dominican Republic. [MCZ].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Antillacris inflaticercus Perez et al., 199742
Perez et al. 1997a: 143, Figs16,19f, g, i, j. Holotype ♂, from El Lugar del Agua del Sitio, N. of Los Bolos, Sierra de Neiba, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Espagnola J.A.G. Rehn & J.W.H. Rehn, 1939
Espagnola darlingtoni J.A.G. Rehn & J.W.H. Rehn, 1939
Rehn & Rehn 1939: 192, pl. 8, Figs 16, 17, 18. Perez et al. 1997a: 148, Figs 19a–e. Holotype ♂, from Jarabacoa, Dominican Republic. [MCZ].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Espagnoleta Perez-Gelabert, 200046
Espagnoleta microptera Perez et al., 199742
Espagnolina microptera Perez et al. 1997b: 154, Figs 2 up, 3a, 4a, 5a–d. Espagnoleta microptera Perez-Gelabert 2000a: 116. [Genus name changed because of homonymy]. Holotype ♂, from Los Anones, S. de San José de Ocoa, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Espagnolopsis Perez et al., 199742
Espagnolopsis breviptera Perez et al., 199742
Perez et al. 1997b: 159, Figs 2 down, 3c, 4c, 5h–j. Holotype ♂, from La Ciénaga de Manabao - Los Tablones, Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Espagnolopsis ornatipennis Perez et al., 1997
Perez et al. 1997b: 157, Figs 2 middle, 3b, 4b, 5e–g. Perez-Gelabert 1999: 55, Fig. 2b. Holotype ♂, from La Colonia, San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Paleomastacris Perez et al., 199742
†Paleomastacris ambarinus Perez et al., 199742
Perez et al. 1997a: 150, Figs 20, 21a–f. Holotype ♂ [juvenile], fossil in Dominican amber, probably from amber mines in Cordillera Septentrional. [AMNH].
Three new specimens of P. ambarinus in Dominican amber are the basis of a further characterization of this fossil taxon (Perez-Gelabert, submitted).
Tainacris Perez et al., 199742
Tainacris divergentis Perez et al., 199742
Perez et al. 1997a: 142, Figs 6, 9, 12, 15. Holotype ♂, from Los Pinos del Edén, Dominican Republic.
Distribution.— Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Tainacris nitaina Perez et al., 199742
Perez et al. 1997a: 140, Figs 2, 5, 8, 11, 14. Holotype ♂, from Las Yayitas, Dominican Republic.
Distribution.— Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Tainacris quisqueiana Perez et al., 199742
Perez et al. 1997a: 142, Figs 4, 7, 10, 13. Holotype ♂, from Road to Los Martínez, S. of San José de Ocoa, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Family PYRGOMORPHIDAE
Subfamily SPHENARINAE
Jaragua Perez et al., 199540
Jaragua oviedensis Perez et al., 199540
Perez et al. 1995a: 34, Figs 3a, 4a, 5, 6a. Perez-Gelabert 2000b: 337. Holotype ♂, from Punta Inglesa, Parque Nacional Jaragua, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Jaragua serranus Perez et al., 199540
Perez et al. 1995a: 35, Figs 2, 3b, 4b, 5, 6b, 7. Holotype ♂, from Los Pinos del Edén, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Family ACRIDIDAE
Subfamily COPIOCERINAE
Dellia Stål, 1878
Dellia dominicensis Perez et al., 199540
Perez et al. 1995b: 158, Figs 1A, 2, 3F, 4A, 6A. Holotype ♂, from Las Yayitas, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic
Dellia monticola Perez-Gelabert & Otte, 1999
Perez-Gelabert & Otte 1999: 6, Figs 1, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b. Holotype ♂, from El Aceitillar, Sierra de Bahoruco, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Dellia roseomaculata Perez-Gelabert & Otte, 1999
Perez-Gelabert & Otte 1999: 5, Figs 1, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a. Holotype ♂, from Loma de Las Tayotas, Macizo Loma Nalga de Maco, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Subfamily CYRTACANTHACRIDINAE
Schistocerca Stål, 1873
Schistocerca pallens (Thunberg, 1870)
Cyrtacantacris pectoralis: - Walker 1870: 551. Acridium pectoralis: - Thomas 1873: 229. Schistocerca pallens: - Dirsh 1974: 130, pl. 21, Figs 25, 26. Harvey 1981: 67, Figs 1p–s. Perez-Gelabert 2000b: 339. Holotype ♂, from unknown locality. [ZIUU].
Distribution.— Southern Florida, Mexico, Central America, Antilles, South America to Paraguay.
Schistocerca quisqueya J.A.G. Rehn & Hebard, 1938
Rehn & Hebard 1938: 221; Fig. 6. Dirsh 1974: 162, pl. 28, Fig. 35. Perez-Gelabert 2000b: 339. Holotype ♂, from Moca, Dominican Republic. [ANSP no. 5398].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico.
Schistocerca serialis serialis (Thunberg, 1815)
Cyrtacanthacris simulatrix Walker 1869: 610. Acridium varipes Walker 1870: 581. Thomas 1873: 235. Acridium simulatrix: Thomas 1873: 235. Schistocerca serialis serialis: Harvey 1981: 67, Fig. 1t. Holotype ♂, from “St. Barthelemi”. [ZIUU].
Distribution.— Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands.
Subfamily GOMPHOCERINAE
Amblytropidia Stål, 1873
Amblytropidia hispaniolana Perez et al., 199540
Perez et al. 1995b: 155, Figs 1F, 5D. Perez-Gelabert 2000b: 337. Holotype ♂, from Monte Rio, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Orphulella Giglio-Tos, 1894
Orphulella decisa (F. Walker, 1870)
Stenobothrus decorus Walker 1870: 757. Orphulella decisa: Rehn & Hebard 1938: 205. Otte 1978: 66, Fig. 7. Otte 1981: 95, Fig. 58. Perez-Gelabert 2000b: 337. Holotype ♂, from “Santo Domingo”. [BMNH].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic, Haiti.
Orphulella nesicos Otte, 1978
Otte 1978: 66, Fig. 7. Otte 1981: 95, Fig. 58, pl. 5. Perez-Gelabert 2000b: 337. Holotype ♂, from Jarabacoa, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic, Haiti.
Orphulella punctata (De Geer, 1773)
Otte 1981: 90, pl. 5. Lectotype ♀, designated by C. S. Carbonell (Otte 1979), from unknown locality. [NHMS].
Distribution.— Antilles, Mexico to Argentina.
Orphulella scudderi (Bolívar, 1888)
Parachloebata scudderi: Rehn & Hebard 1938: 203. Otte 1981: 99. Holotype ♂, from Cuba. [Location of type unknown (Otte 1981)].
Distribution.— Cuba, Roatan Island, Haiti.
Rhammatocerus Saussure, 1861
Rhammatocerus cyanipes (Fabricius, 1775)
Stenobothrus gregarius: Saussure 1861: 318. Thomas 1873: 206. Stenobothrus decisus: Thomas 1873: 207. Plectrotettix gregarius: Wolcott 1927: 146. Lectotype ♂, designated by Otte (1995), from La Chorrera, Panama. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Mexico, French Guiana, Central America.
Subfamily LEPTYSMINAE
Stenacris F. Walker, 1870
Stenacris caribea (J.A.G. Rehn & Hebard, 1938)
Opshomala caribea Rehn & Hebard 1938: 217, Figs 4, 5. Stenacris caribea: Roberts & Carbonell 1978: 59, Figs 22a–e. Perez-Gelabert 2000b: 339. Holotype ♂, from Sánchez, Dominican Republic. [AMNH].
Distribution.— Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica.
Subfamily MELANOPLINAE
Duartettix Perez-Gelabert & Otte, 200046
Duartettix montanus Perez-Gelabert & Otte, 200046
Perez-Gelabert & Otte, 200046: 130, Figs 1–4. Holotype ♂, from Valle Nuevo, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Subfamily OEDIPODINAE
Sphingonotus Fieber, 1852
Sphingonotus haitensis haitensis (Saussure, 1861)
Oedipoda haitensis Saussure 1861: 323. Walker 1871: 74. Oedipoda (Sphingonotus) haitensis: Thomas 1873: 213. Sphingonotus haitensis: Wolcott 1927: 146. Rehn & Hebard 1938: 211. Otte 1984: 179, Figs 47, pl. 14. Holotype ♂, from Haiti. [MHNG?].
Distribution.— Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Navassa, Jamaica, Nevis.
Sphingonotus haitensis is morphologically very similar to Sphingonotus coerulans from Europe. As reported for the European species by Gosalvez et al. (1985), S. haitensis also possesses polymorphic systems of unstable supernumerary (B) chromosomes and extra heterochromatic segments (Perez-Gelabert 1988, unpublished thesis data).
Subfamily OMMATOLAMPINAE
Acridurus Perez et al., 199540
Acridurus neibanus Perez et al., 199540
Perez et al. 1995b: 165, Fig. 5C. Holotype ♂, from beginning of road La Descubierta to Los Pinos del Edén, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Acridurus robustus Perez et al., 199540
Perez et al. 1995b: 163, Figs 1C, 3A, 4B, 5A. Perez-Gelabert 2000b: 338. Holotype ♂, from Punta Inglesa, Parque Nacional Jaragua, Dominican Republic.[ANSP]
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Acridurus yayitas Perez et al., 199540
Perez et al. 1995b: 164, Figs 1E, 4C, 5B. Perez-Gelabert 2000b: 338. Holotype ♂, from Las Yayitas, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Hispanacris Perez et al., 199540
Hispanacris oreades Perez et al., 199540
Perez et al. 1995b: 165, Figs 1C, 3D, 3G, 4D, 4H, 4I, 6B. Perez-Gelabert 2000b: 338. Holotype ♂, from Restauración, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Hispanotettix Perez et al., 199540
Hispanotettix nitidus Perez et al., 199540
Perez et al. 1995b: 161, Figs 1B, 3C, 4G, 6C. Perez-Gelabert 2000b: 338. Holotype ♂, from Las Yayitas, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Suborder ENSIFERA
Family TETTIGONIIDAE
Subfamily CONOCEPHALINAE
Conocephalus Thunberg, 1815
Conocephalus (Conocephalus) cinereus Thunberg, 1815
Conocephalus (Xiphidion) cinereus: Rehn & Hebard 1915: 243, pl. 22, Fig. 12; pl. 23, Figs 5–6. Holotype ♀, from Jamaica. [ZIUU].
Distribution.— Jamaica, Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Mona Island, Puerto Rico, St. Thomas, Mexico, Costa Rica, Venezuela, French Guiana, Colombia, Peru.
Conocephalus (Conocephalus) insularis (Morse, 1905)
Conocephalus (Xiphidion) insularis: Rehn & Hebard 1915: 256, pl. 22, Fig. 14; pl. 23, Figs 10–11. Holotype ♂, from Stranger Cay, Bahamas. [ANSP?].
Distribution.— Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica.
Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907
Neoconocephalus affinis (Beauvois, 1805)
Locusta affinis Beauvois 1805: 219, pl. 7, Fig. 5. Neoconocephalus affinis: Walker & Greenfield 1983: 364, Figs 6, 12, 18, 22, 24. Type sex unknown, from “San Domingo”, Hispaniola. [Deposition unknown].
Distribution.— Greater Antilles, Central America, South America.
Neoconocephalus maxillosus (Fabricius, 1775)
Locusta lanceolata Beauvois 1805: 219. Conocephalus maxillosus: Redtenbacher 1891: 396. Neoconocephalus maxillosus: Walker & Greenfield 1983: 377, Figs 10, 16, 23, 30. Type lost, from “America”.
Distribution.— Antilles, South America.
Neoconocephalus occidentalis (Saussure, 1859)
Conocephalus occidentalis Saussure 1859: 208. Walker 1869: 305. Homorocoryphus occidentalis Kirby 1906: 247. Neoconocephalus occidentalis: Walker & Greenfield 1983: 368, Figs 7, 13, 22, 25. Neotype ♂, from Haiti. [UFM].
Distribution.— Hispaniola.
Neoconocephalus pinicola T. Walker & Greenfield, 1983
Walker & Greenfield 1983: 375, Figs 20, 22, 29. Holotype ♂, from Km 25–33 Alcoa Rd. [El Aceitillar], Dominican Republic. [FSCA].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Neoconocephalus triops (Linnaeus, 1758)
Gryllus (Tettigonia) triops Linnaeus 1758: 430. Conocephalus bilineatus: Thunberg 1815: 275. Walker 1869: 306. Kirby 1906: 246. Conocephalus fuscostriatus: Redtenbacher 1891: 399. Neoconocephalus triops: Walker & Greenfield 1983: 371, Figs 5, 21, 22, 28. Type sex unknown, from “Indis” [=West Indies]. [BMNH].
Distribution.— Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, Panama, Bahamas, Bermuda, Mona Island, St. Croix, St. Thomas, Dominica.
Subfamily LISTROSCELIDINAE
Phlugis Stål, 1860
Phlugis sp.
New generic record for Hispaniola.
Material examined: HAITI: 1 ♀, Kenscoff, 1–6.viii.1961, J. Maldonado C., [NMNH]. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: 1 ♀, Loma Quita Espuela, San Francisco de Macorís Prov., 23.x.1998, D. Perez, S. Navarro, S. Medrano [DEPG]. 2 ♀ ♀ 2 km N. La Colonia, San Cristóbal Prov., 9.x.1998, D. E. Perez [DEPG]. 1 ♂, Jardín Botánico Nacional, Santo Domingo, 13.ix.1999, D. E. Perez, R. Bastardo, M. de la Cruz [DEPG]. 1 ♂, Prov. La Altagracia, Nisibón, “Papagallo”, at beach, 26.vi.1998, R. E. Woodruff [FSCA].
The genus Phlugis is in need of revision. It contains some 23 species distributed in the New World tropics, including two species possibly restricted to the Caribbean.
Subfamily PHANEROPTERINAE
Anaulacomera Stål, 1873
Anaulacomera sp.
New generic record for Hispaniola.
Material examined: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: 1 ♂, Loma Quita Espuela, San Francisco de Macorís Prov., 23.x.1998, D. Perez, S. Navarro, S. Medrano [DEPG]. 1 ♂, Jardín Botánico Nacional, Santo Domingo, 13.ix.1999, D. E. Perez, R. Bastardo, M. de la Cruz [DEPG]. 1 ♂, On way to La Sal, Reserva de Ebano Verde, La Vega Prov., 18.ix.1999, D. E. Perez, R. Bastardo, S. Medrano [DEPG].
The genus Anaulacomera is in need of revision. It contains more than 85 species distributed in the New World tropics.
Microcentrum Scudder, 1862
Microcentrum decoratum F. Walker, 1869
Walker 1869: 373. Holotype sex unknown, from “St. Domingo”. [BMNH].
Distribution.— Hispaniola.
Phoebolampta Brunner, 1878
Phoebolampta excellens (F. Walker, 1869)
Microcentrum excellens Walker 1869: 371. Phoebolampta magnifica Brunner 1878: 352. Phoebolampta excellans: Wolcott 1927: 148, Fig. 32. Holotype ♀, from “St. Domingo”. [BMNH].
Distribution.— Hispaniola.
Phoebolampta subaequale (F. Walker, 1869)
Microcentrum subaequale Walker 1869: 372. Holotype ♀, from “St. Domingo”. [BMNH].
Distribution.— Hispaniola.
Turpilia Stål, 1874
Turpilia appendiculata Brunner, 1878
Turpilia appendiculatus Brunner 1878: 326. Diplophyllus appendiculatus: Kirby 1906: 479. Turpilia appendiculata: Wolcott 1927: 148. Holotype ♂, from Port-au-Prince, Haiti. [NHMV no. 6484].
Distribution.— Hispaniola.
Subfamily PSEUDOPHYLLINAE
Caribophyllum J.A.G. Rehn, 1947
Caribophyllum necopinum J.A.G. Rehn, 1947
Rehn 1947: 4, Figs 1, 2. Beier 1960: 287, Fig. 175. Holotype ♂, from Petionville, Haiti. [ANSP no. 5748].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Polyancistrus Serville, 1831
Polyancistrus abbotti J.A.G. Rehn, 1936
Rehn 1936: 308, pl. 21, Figs 1, 2. Beier 1960: 275, Fig. 168. Holotype ♂, from La Visite, Massif de la Selle, Haiti. [MCZ].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Polyancistrus atlas atlas J.A.G. Rehn, 1936
Rehn 1936: 286, pl. 21, Figs 6, 13. Beier 1960: 272. Holotype ♂, from Fond des Negres, Haiti. [ANSP no. 5556].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Polyancistrus atlas pilanus J.A.G. Rehn, 1936
Rehn 1936: 291, pl. 21, Fig. 7. Beier 1960: 272. Holotype ♂, from Massif de la Selle, Haiti. [MCZ].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Polyancistrus darlingtoni J.A.G. Rehn, 1936
Rehn 1936: 302, pl. 21, Figs 3, 4, 9, 10, 17. Beier 1960: 274. Holotype ♂, from Massif de la Hotte, Haiti. [MCZ].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Polyancistrus gerulus J.A.G. Rehn, 1936
Rehn 1936: 295, pl. 20, Figs 6–9; pl. 21, Figs 8, 14, 16. Beier 1960: 273, Fig. 166. Holotype ♂, from Miragoâne, Haiti. [MCZ].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Polyancistrus loripes J.A.G. Rehn, 1936
Rehn 1936: 299, pl. 20, Figs 10–12; pl. 21, Figs 15, 19. Beier 1960: 274, Fig. 167. Holotype ♂, from Constanza, Dominican Republic. [NMNH].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Polyancistrus serrulatus serrulatus (Beauvois, 1805)
Locusta serrulata Beauvois 1805: 218. Lobodes rubricornis Fischer von Waldheim 1839: 479. Polyancistrus serrulatus serrulatus: Rehn 1936: 279, pl. 20, Figs 1–3; pl. 21, Fig. 12. Beier 1960: 270, Fig. 165. Holotype ♂, from “San Domingo”. [MNHNP?].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Polyancistrus serrulatus oreiotes (Beauvois, 1805)
Rehn 1936: 281, pl. 20, Figs 4, 5; pl. 21, Fig. 5. Beier 1960: 271. Holotype ♂, from Manabao, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Spelaeala J.A.G Rehn, 1943
Spelaeala bondi J.A.G. Rehn, 1943
Rehn 1943: 5, Figs 1–4, 7–9. Beier 1960: 279, Fig. 170. Perez-Gelabert & Grogan 1999: 312. Holotype ♂, from Loma Rucilla, Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Spelaeala scobina J.A.G. Rehn, 1943
Rehn 1943: 11, Figs 5–6, 10. Beier 1960: 280, Fig. 171. Holotype ♂, from Loma Rucilla, Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Family GRYLLIDAE
Subfamily BRACHYTRUPINAE
Anurogryllus Saussure, 1877
Anurogryllus muticus caraibeus Saussure, 1774
Gryllus muticus: De Geer 1773: 520. Anurogryllus muticus: Wolcott 1927: 150. Allard 1957: 150. Walker 1973: 1270. Holotype ♀, from St. Thomas. [MHNG].
Distribution.— St. Thomas, St. Croix, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Dominica.
Subfamily ENEOPTERINAE
Tafalisca F. Walker, 1869
Tafalisca lurida F. Walker, 1869
Walker 1869: 53. Holotype ♂, from “St. Domingo”. [BMNH].
Distribution.— Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica, Bahamas, St. Vincent, Florida.
Subfamily GRYLLINAE
Acheta Fabricius, 1775
Acheta domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Gryllus domesticus Linnaeus 1758: 428. Type lost, from Europe.
Distribution.— Believed to originate in northern Africa, has become introduced to many parts of the world (Ghouri, 1961).
Gryllita Randell, 1935
Gryllita arndti Randell, 196452
Randel 1964a52: 1561, Fig. 2. Holotype ♂, from Fond des Negres, Haiti. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Gryllita bondi Randell, 196452
Randell 1964a52: 1560, Fig. 1. Holotype ♂, from Morne Tranchant, Haiti. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Gryllita uhleri Randell, 196452
Randell 1964a52: 1562, Fig. 3. Holotype ♂, from Grand Anse, Haiti. [MCZ].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Gryllus Linnaeus, 1758
Gryllus assimilis assimilis (Fabricius, 1775)
Gryllus determinatus Walker 1869: 19.
Gryllus septentrionalis Walker 1869: 18.
Gryllus assimilis: - Santoro 1960: 211, 268. Type lost, from Montego Bay, Jamaica.
Distribution.— Jamaica, Hispaniola, St. Vincent, Mexico, North America.
Hispanogryllodes Randell, 1964
Hispanogryllodes rehni Randell, 1964
Randell 1964a52: 1563, Fig. 4. Randell 1964b52: 1581. Holotype ♂, from Port-au-Prince, Haiti. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Scapsipedus Saussure, 1877
Scapsipedus marginatus (Afzelius & Brannius, 1804)
Jobin & Bigelow 1961: 316, Figs 1, 2, 6, 8. Neotype ♂, designated by Otte (1994) from Tanzania. [ANSP].
Distribution.— This species originates from eastern Africa. It has apparently been introduced to the Greater Antilles. Jobin & Bigelow (1961) cite it for Jamaica, Cuba, and Haiti.
Stenogryllus Saussure, 1878
Stenogryllus phthisicus Saussure, 1878
Saussure 1878: 695, Fig. 53. Holotype ♀, from “Santo Domingo”. [NHMV].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic, Cuba.
Subfamily MOGOPLISTINAE
Ectatoderus Guerin, 1849
Ectatoderus contectus (J.A.G. Rehn & Hebard, 1912)
Cryptoptylum contectus Rehn & Hebard 1912: 203. Holotype ♂, from Haiti. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Ornebius Guerin, 1844
†Ornebius ambericus Vickery & Poinar, 1994
Vickery & Poinar 1994: 18, Figs 7, 14. Holotype ♀, fossil in Dominican amber [LEM].
Subfamily MYRMECOPHILINAE
Myrmecophilus Berthold, 1827
Myrmecophilus (Myrmophilina) americanus Saussure, 1877
Myrmecophila prenolepidis: Mann 1915: 161. Holotype ♀, from Colombia [MBE].
Distribution.— Colombia, Brazil, Haiti.
The name Myrmecophila prenolepidis (Wasmann, 1905) was inadvertently overlooked and not included in the Orthopterorum Catalogus of Beier (1968) and the more recent Orthoptera Species File catalog of world crickets of Otte (1994). Although considered a synonym of M. americanus by Hebard (1926), a note probably by A. N. Caudell in the species card catalog of the NMNH says: “Wm. Mann, who has studied this genus and this sp. tells me, in 1918, that this is nothing like americana but is a distinct species. He says he is going to separate a couple of varieties in color from this sp.”.
Subfamily OECANTHINAE
Oecanthus Serville, 1831
Oecanthus allardi T. Walker & Gurney, 1960
Allard 1957: 151. Walker & Gurney 1960: 9, Fig. 1a. Walker 1967: 791. Holotype ♂, from St. Croix. [NMNH no. 64826].
Distribution.— St. Croix, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic.
Subfamily PHALANGOPSINAE
Amphiacusta Saussure, 1874
Amphiacusta annulipes (Serville, 1831)
Phalangopsis annulipes Serville 1831: 167. Burmeister 1838: 723. Blanchard 1840: 32. DeHaan 1842: 226. Walker 1869: 105. Girard 1869: 137.
Amphiacusta annulipes: Kirby 1906: 68. Wolcott 1927: 150. Desutter-Grandcolas & Otte 1997: 106, Figs 1–4. Amphiacusta aranea Saussure 1878: 431 [synonymyzed by Desutter-Grandcolas & Otte 1997: 103]. Amphiacusta caraibea: Ciferri 1927: 80 [erroneous identification, probably A. annulipes (Desutter-Grandcolas & Otte 1997)]. Holotype ♀, from Port-au-Prince, Haiti. [MNHNP?].
Distribution.— Hispaniola, Jamaica, Bahamas, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Peru.
Amphiacusta dissimilis Desutter-Grandcolas, 1997
Desutter-Grandcolas & Otte 1997: 110, Figs 8, 13. Holotype ♂, from San Francisco mountains [San Cristóbal prov.], Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Amphiacusta domingensis Desutter-Grandcolas, 1997
Desutter-Grandcolas & Otte 1997: 108, Figs 7, 12, 16. Holotype ♂, from San Francisco mountains [San Cristóbal prov.], Dominican Republic. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Amphiacusta haitiana Desutter-Grandcolas, 1997
Desutter-Grandcolas & Otte 1997: 108, Figs 6, 11, 15. Holotype ♂, from Port-au-Prince, Haiti. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Haiti, Dominican Republic.
Amphiacusta haitianella Desutter-Grandcolas, 1997
Desutter-Grandcolas & Otte 1997: 110, Fig. 17. Holotype ♀ from Petionville, Haiti. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Amphiacusta haitiensis Desutter-Grandcolas, 1997
Desutter-Grandcolas & Otte 1997: 110, Fig. 18. Holotype ♀ from Fond des Negres, Haiti. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Amphiacusta hispaniolae Desutter-Grandcolas, 1997
Desutter-Grandcolas & Otte 1997:107, Fig. 5. Holotype ♀, from Furcy, Haiti. [UMMZ].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Amphiacusta minima Desutter-Grandcolas, 1997
Desutter-Grandcolas & Otte 1997: 112, Fig. 9, 10, 14. Holotype ♂, from “Ciudad Trujillo” [Santo Domingo], Dominican Republic. [UMMZ].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Amphiacusta ultima Desutter-Grandcolas, 1997
Desutter-Grandcolas & Otte 1997: 112, Fig. 19. Holotype ♀ from Montecristi, Dominican Republic. [UMMZ].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Yoyuteris Ruíz & Otte, 1996
Yoyuteris barahona Ruíz & Otte, 1996
Ruíz & Otte 1996: 231, Figs 3, 4, 8, 11, 12, 14, 18, 19, 20. Holotype ♂, from 4.5 km S. of Barahona, Dominican Republic. [FSCA].
Distribution.— Dominican Republic.
Subfamily PODOSCIRTINAE
Chremon J.A.G Rehn, 1930
Chremon repentinus J.A.G. Rehn, 193056
Rehn 193056: 87, Figs 1–5. Arndt & Dozier 1931: 325. Holotype ♂, from Fond des Negres, Haiti. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Hapithus Uhler, 1864
Hapithus tenuicornis (F. Walker, 1869)
Lebussa tenuicornis Walker 1869: 75. Holotype ♀, from “St. Domingo”. [BMNH].
Distribution.— Hispaniola.
Laurepa F. Walker, 1869
Laurepa krugi (Saussure, 1878)
Apithes krugi Saussure 1878: 607. Holotype ♂, from Cuba. [MBE?].
Distribution.— Cuba, Hispaniola.
Orocharis Uhler, 1864
The genus Orocharis is represented in the Caribbean by many species, some very similar in morphology. The real identity of many of the recorded species will only be clear after careful revision of the group based on abundant materials and song data representative of its entire geographic range.
Orocharis dominguensis Saussure, 1878
Saussure 1878: 753. Syntypes ♂ and ♀, from “St. Domingue”. [NHMV].
Distribution.— Hispaniola.
Orocharis gryllodes (Pallas, 1772)
Saussure 1874: 495. Kirby 1906: 99. Orocharis saulcyi: Saussure 1874: 478. Kirby 1906: 98. Holotype ♂, from Cuba. [MBE].
Distribution.— Cuba, Hispaniola, Mexico, Jamaica, Martinique, United States.
That O. saulcyi is a synonym of O. gryllodes is based on Hebard (1915: 468), who stated “Unfortunately this distinctive West Indian species has been generally recognized as O. saulcyi, which name is an absolute synonym of gryllodes of Pallas”.
Orocharis latifrons J.A.G. Rehn, 1909
Marcano 1978: 138. Holotype ♀, from Benque Viejo, Belize. [ANSP].
Distribution.— Belize, Dominican Republic?
This species is reported by Marcano (1978) for the Dominican Republic in a very short note that does not warrant its correct identification. The studied specimens are said to differ from O. similis by the lack of a bright yellow band along the forewing costal margin. The level of diversification of this genus in the Caribbean and the isolation between Belize and Hispaniola make it difficult to believe that O. latifrons would be found in Hispaniola.
Orocharis similis (F. Walker, 1869)
Platydactylus similis Walker 1869: 78. Orocharis canotus Saussure 1878: 751. Orocharis similis: Kirby 1906: 99. Wolcott 1927: 149, Fig. 33. Santoro 1960: 347. Holotype ♀, from Santo Domingo. [BMNH].
Distribution.— Hispaniola, Cuba.
Subfamily TRIGONIDIINAE
Abanaxipha Vickery & Poinar, 1994
†Abanaxipha incongrua Vickery & Poinar, 1994
Vickery & Poinar 1994: 17, Fig. 5. Holotype ♀, fossil in Dominican amber. [LEM].
†Abanaxipha longispina Vickery & Poinar, 1994
Vickery & Poinar 1994: 17, Fig. 12. Holotype ♀, fossil in Dominican amber. [LEM].
Anaxipha Saussure, 1874
†Anaxipha dominica Vickery & Poinar, 1994
Vickery & Poinar 1994: 14, Figs 1, 13. Holotype ♀, fossil in Dominican amber. [GOPC].
Grossoxipha Vickery & Poinar, 1994
†Grossoxipha yaque Vickery & Poinar, 1994
Vickery & Poinar 1994: 18, Fig. 6. Holotype ♀, fossil in Dominican amber. [LEM].
Proanaxipha Vickery & Poinar, 1994
†Proanaxipha bicolorata Vickery & Poinar, 1994
Vickery & Poinar 1994: 16, Fig. 4. Holotype ♂, fossil in Dominican amber. [LEM].
†Proanaxipha latoca Vickery & Poinar, 1994
Vickery & Poinar 1994: 15, Figs 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15–19. Holotype ♂, fossil in Dominican amber. [GOPC].
Family GRYLLOTALPIDAE
Subfamily GRYLLOTALPINAE
Scapteriscus Scudder, 1868
Scapteriscus abbreviatus Scudder, 1869
Nickle & Castner 1984: 453, Fig. 12. Holotype ♂, from Pernambuco, Brazil. [MCZ].
Distribution.— United States, Argentina, Brazil, Bahamas, Cuba, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Mexico, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands.
Scapteriscus didactylus (Latreille, 1804)
Frank et al. 1987: 479. Type lost, from Cayenne, Suriname.
Distribution.— Suriname, Colombia, Dominica, Grenada, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad, Venezuela.
Family ANOSTOSTOMATIDAE
Subfamily ANOSTOSTOMATINAE
Licodia Walker, 1869
Licodia grandis J.A.G. Rehn, 193056
Rehn 193056: 365, Fig. 1. Johns 1997: 131. Holotype ♀, from Fond des Negres, Haiti. [ANSP no. 5492].
Distribution.— Haiti.
Licodia pallipes F. Walker, 1869
Walker 1869: 210. Johns 1997: 131. Holotype ♀, from “St. Domingo”. [BMNH].
Distribution.— Hispaniola.
Lutosa F. Walker, 1869
Lutosa obliqua Walker, 1869
Walker 1869: 211. Holotype ♀, from Mexico. [BMNH].
Distribution.— Mexico, Hispaniola.
Family GRYLLACRIDIDAE
Subfamily GRYLLACRIDINAE
Abelona Karny, 1937
Abelona parvula (F. Walker, 1870)
Gryllacris parvulus Walker 1870: 473. Holotype ♂, from St. Domingo. [BMNH].
Distribution.— Hispaniola.
Acknowledgments
I sincerely thank Thomas J. Walker (Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville) and David A. Nickle (United States Department of Agriculture, Systematic Entomology Lab, Beltsville, MD) for information helpful in clarifying some taxonomic questions. Scott E. Miller (Department of Entomology, NMNH) read the entire manuscript and provided useful suggestions. The Smithsonian's Center for Latino Initiatives funded part of this research and made possible a visit in 2000 to the Dominican Republic.
