The identity of an enigmatic species Huberantha floribunda (Annonaceae) is reassessed using molecular phylogenetic analyses of up to seven combined plastid markers (matK, ndhF, rbcL, ycf1 exons; trnL intron; trnL-trnF, psbA-trnH intergenic spacers), constituting up to ca. 7 kbp. Huberantha floribunda does not fall into Huberantha clade, but is retrieved as the sister group of Miliusa with no support, necessitating the recognition of a new genus, to accommodate this species. Polyalthiopsis Chaowasku gen. nov. along with Huberantha and Miliusa form an unsupported to weakly supported clade within the tribe Miliuseae. Morphology of Polyalthiopsis is somewhat intermediate between morphologies of Huberantha and Miliusa. It primarily differs from Huberantha by often possessing unequal petal whorls and a seed raphe that is broadly grooved and partially slightly raised in the middle. Polyalthiopsis differs from Miliusa mainly by having a dilated truncate connective apex of the stamens and outer petals that are much larger than the sepals. In addition, Huberantha luensis (Pierre) Chaowasku, a new combination for Polyalthia luensis is made based on an integrative approach of morphological examination coupled with molecular phylogenetic inferences.