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15 July 2015 Globicephaline Whales from the Mio-Pliocene Purisima Formation of Central California, USA
Robert W. Boessenecker, Frank A. Perry, Jonathan H. Geisler
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Abstract

Oceanic dolphins (Odontoceti: Delphinidae) constitute the most speciose family of extant cetaceans, yet their fossil record is limited. Although several extinct species are known from Mediterranean and North Atlantic localities, there are few examples from deposits along the Pacific Rim. Despite the rich record of successive marine mammal fossil assemblages in the extensively sampled eastern North Pacific, only one fossil delphinid, Protoglobicephala (Pliocene, Baja California), has been described. We report globicephaline remains from the Mio-Pliocene Purisima Formation of Northern California, including a partial cranium and two isolated petrosals. The skull exhibits large ridges on the premaxillae, and cannot be referred to any extant globicephaline genus. Similarly, the petrosals cannot be referred to any described delphinid genus, although they are most similar to those of Globicephala. Linear regression analyses demonstrate that promontorium length and bony nares width scale significantly within delphinidans, and provide a new method for testing referrals of isolated fossil odontocete petrosals to taxa known only by crania. Applying this method to the new globicephalines from the Purisima Formation, we find the petrosals to be too small to represent the same taxon as the skull, thus indicating the presence of two separate species. Our results demonstrate that globicephalines had achieved a worldwide distribution by the early Pliocene, suggesting diversification of the subfamily by 5 Ma.

© 2015 R.W. Boessenecker et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Robert W. Boessenecker, Frank A. Perry, and Jonathan H. Geisler "Globicephaline Whales from the Mio-Pliocene Purisima Formation of Central California, USA," Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60(1), 113-122, (15 July 2015). https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2013.0019
Received: 15 March 2013; Accepted: 1 July 2013; Published: 15 July 2015
KEYWORDS
California
Cetacea
Delphinidae
Globicephalinae
Mammalia
Odontoceti
Pliocene
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