Based on herbarium and field studies of the Neotropical genus Swartzia Schreber (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae), seven new combinations are made: S. colombiana (R. S. Cowan) Torke, S. emarginata (Ducke) Torke, S. glabrata (R. S. Cowan) Torke, S. kaieteurensis (R. S. Cowan) Torke, S. klugii (R. S. Cowan) Torke, S. peruviana (R. S. Cowan) Torke, and S. polita (R. S. Cowan) Torke. All of these involve the recognition of former varieties as species due to the discovery of highly correlated morphological discontinuities, often corroborated by geographical and/or habitat separation, among the newly elevated species and closely related species. In addition, some 14 new species-level synonyms are proposed. Notable among these are: S. aureosericea R. S. Cowan (synonym of S. macrosema Harms), S. benthamiana var. yatuensis R. S. Cowan (synonym of S. rosea Martius ex Bentham), S. flaemingii var. cognata R. S. Cowan (synonym of S. polita), S. huallagae D. R. Simpson (synonym of S. calva R. S. Cowan), S. peremarginata R. S. Cowan (synonym of S. riedelii R. S. Cowan), S. racemosa var. major R. S. Cowan (synonym of S. klugii), and S. stipellata R. S. Cowan (synonym of S. anomala R. S. Cowan).