Two new species of dioptine moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae: Dioptinae) are described from the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, and placed in two new monobasic genera. These are the first records of subfamily Dioptinae in the Caribbean Region. Eremonidia mirifica new genus, new species, is a plesiotypic member of the tribe Dioptini, and Caribojosia youngi new genus, new species, is placed in the tribe Josiini. Both species are described from cloud forest habitats in the Sierra de Neiba (Dominican Republic and adjacent Haiti); E. mirifica is also known from similar habitats in the Cordillera Central (Dominican Republic). The larvae of C. youngi are described feeding on mature leaves of Passiflora sexflora Jussieu (Violales: Passifloraceae). Habitats, relationships, ecological associations, behavior, and conservation issues for these species are discussed.