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Zoological Science

Published by: Zoological Society of Japan

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Zoological Science 23(2):191-198. 2006
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.23.191

Phylogenetic Relationships Within Parrots (Psittacidae) Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytochrome-b Gene Sequences

Dwi Astuti¹^,²^,^*^,^†, Noriko Azuma², Hitoshi Suzuki², and Seigo Higashi²

^aZoological Division, Research Center for Biology, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, 16911, PO. Box 25 Bogor, Indonesia

^bGraduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kitaku Kita 10 Nishi 5, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan

* Corresponding author. Phone: +81-11-706-2251; Fax : +81-11-706-4846; e-mail: wiek003@yahoo.com

† Present address: Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kitaku Kita 10 Nishi 5, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan

Abstract

Blood and tissue samples of 40 individuals including 27 parrot species (15 genera; 3 subfamilies) were collected in Indonesia. Their phylogenetic relationships were inferred from 907 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene, using the maximum-parsimony method, the maximum-likelihood method and the neighbor-joining method with Kimura two-parameter distance. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that (1) cockatoos (subfamily Cacatuinae) form a monophyletic sister group to other parrot groups; (2) within the genus Cacatua, C. goffini and C. sanguinea form a sister group to a clade containing other congeners; (3) subfamily Psittacinae emerged as paraphyletic, consisting of three clades, with a clade of Psittaculirostris grouping with subfamily Loriinae rather than with other Psittacinae; (4) lories and lorikeets (subfamily Loriinae) emerged as monophyletic, with Charmosyna placentis a basal sister group to other Loriinae, which comprised the subclades Lorius; Trichoglossus+Eos; and Chalcopsitta+Pseudeos.

Received: June 3, 2005; Accepted: November 16, 2005

Keywords: phylogeny, parrots, Psittacidae, mitochondrial, cytochrome-b

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