We describe a new species of glass frog (Vitreorana) from Fazenda Novo Pau Brasil, in the Atlantic Forest habitat of northeastern Brazil. Previous to this work, Vitreorana baliomma sp. nov. was misidentified as V. eurygnatha, from which it can be distinguished by the iris pattern flecked with star-shape melanophores; rudimentary nuptial excrescences formed by glands on the dorsomedial surface of Finger I, with some accessorial glands along its periphery; parietal, urinary bladder, kidneys, and testes peritonea translucent; visceral peritoneum with iridophores covering the pericardium, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. We also provide a brief discussion on its morphological similarities with other Vitreorana species.