This study is the first record of predation of Zaprinus indianus (Gupta) (Drosophilidae) fig fly larvae—which has recently become a major pest in fruit production in Brazil—by the social wasp Synoeca cyanea (F.) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in fruits of Spanish prune (Spondias purpurea L. Anacadiaceae) in an agricultural property, at Piracicaba city, São Paulo State, Brazil.