Florida Entomologist
Published by: Florida Entomological Society

Florida Entomologist 88(1):49-54. 2005
doi: 10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0049:CDACAO]2.0.CO;2
COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF DIBRACHYS PELOS (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE) ON VARIOUS POTENTIAL HOSTS



Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606
Abstract
Dibrachys pelos (Grissell) is an occasional gregarious ectoparasitoid of Sceliphron caementarium (Drury). We report the second record of this host association, collected in western Nebraska, and present results of laboratory experiments on host suitability and utilization. When D. pelos was reared alone on prepupae of 6 possible hosts, 4 proved entirely suitable: the mud dauber wasps Sceliphron caementarium and Trypoxylon politum Say, and two of their parasitoids, a velvet ant, Sphaeropthalma pensylvanica (Lepeletier) and a bee fly, Anthraxsp. On these hosts D. pelos completed development in 2-4 weeks, with average clutch sizes of 33-57, of which 24.7% were males. The other two hosts tested, the flesh fly Neobellieria bullata (Parker) and the leaf-cutter bee Megachile rotundata (Say), proved marginal, with very few adult progeny produced. When reared on these same 6 hosts with the addition of a competing parasitoid, Melittobia digitata Dahms, D. pelos fared poorly, being the sole offspring producer in at most 30% of the trials (on Anthrax hosts) and failing to prevail at all on T. politum hosts. Comparative data on host conversion efficiency indicated that M. digitata was more efficient than D. pelos on every host except Anthrax.
Resumen
Dibrachys pelos (Grissell) es un ectoparasitoide gregario ocasional de Sceliphron caementarium (Drury). Reportamos el segundo registro de este parasitoide asociado al mencionado hospedador, colectados en el oeste de Nebraska. Se presentan los resultados de experimentos de laboratorio acerca de la utilización y conveniencia de hospedadores por D. pelos. Al criarlo sobre prepupas de seis posibles hospedadores, cuatro resultaron altamente convenientes: las avispas de nidos de barro Sceliphron caementarium y Trypoxylon politum Say, así como sus parasitoides, la hormiga de terciopelo Sphaeropthalma pensylvanica (Lepeletier) y la mosca-abeja Anthrax sp. D. pelos completó su desarrollo sobre estos hospedadores en 2-4 semanas, con una descendencia promedio entre 33-57 individuos, de los cuales el 24.7% fueron machos. Los otros dos hospedadores utilizados, la mosca Neobellieria bullata (Parker) y la abeja Megachile rotundata (Say), fueron marginales en eficiencia, produciendo una progenie reducida. Al agregar Melittobia digitata Dahms como competidor, en crías sobre estos mismos hospedadores, D. pelos lo hizo pobremente, ganando, como máximo, solo en 30% de los ensayos (sobre Anthrax) y fallando totalmente sobre T. politum. Datos comparatives sobre la eficiencia de conversión del hospedador como único productor de progenie mostró que M. digitata fue más eficiente que D. pelos sobre cada hospedador excepto sobre Anthrax sp.
Translation provided by the authors.
References Cited
and
. 1979. Utilization of trap nests by the pipe-organ mud dauber, Trypargilum politum (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am 72:260–262.
and
. 1989. Mate conflict and male behaviour in a solitary wasp Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) politum (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Anim. Behav 37:232–255. CrossRef, CSA
,
, and
. 1975. Bionomics of the organ-pipe mud dauber, Trypoxylon politum (Hymenoptera: Sphecoidea). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am 68:901–916.
1984. A review of the biology of species in the genus Melittobia (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) with interpretations and additions using observations on Melittobia australica. Mem. Queensland Mus 21:2337–360. CSA
,
, and
. 1999. Hymenopterous parasitoids of filths fly (Diptera: Muscidae) pupae in cattle feedlots. Can. Entomol 131:3347–362.
and
. 2002. Life history development and sex ratio of Melittobia australica and M. digitata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on M. rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) and Trypoxylon politum (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Great Lakes Entomol 35:185–91. CSA
1974. A new Dibrachys with a key to the Neartic species (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Florida Entomol 57:3313–320. CrossRef
1993. Survivorship, fecundity, and recruitment in a mud dauber wasp, Sceliphron assimile (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Ecol. Pop. Biol 86:151–59.
1967. Trap-nesting Wasps and Bees: Life Histories, Nests, and Associates. Smithsonian Press, Washington, D.C., 570 pp.
1997a. Unusual sex allocation in a solitary parasitoid wasp, Sphaeropthalma pensylvanica (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Great Lakes Entomol 30:51–54. CSA
1997b. Teaching ecological interactions with mud dauber nests. Am. Biol. Teach 59:3152–158.
1995. Dynamics of parasitism in the organ-pipe wasp, Trypoxylon politum: effects of spatial scale on parasitoid functional response. Ecol. Entomol 20:159–168. CrossRef, CSA
1949. The Ways of a Mud Dauber. Stanford University Press, 78 pp.
and
. 2003. Development of Melittobia australica Girault and M. digitata Dahms (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing Neobellieria bullata (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) puparia. Neotrop. Entomol 32:645–651. CrossRef
and
. 1991. Seasonal and relative abundance of hymenopterous parasitoids attacking house-fly pupae at dairy farms in central New York. Environ. Entomol 20:2661–668. CSA
and
. 1995. A recently introduced sawfly, Nematus oligospilus Forster (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), that defoliates willows in southern Africa. African Entomol 3:123–27. CSA
,
, and
. 1999. Spider prey of two mud dauber wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) nesting in Georgia’s Okefenokee Swamp. J. Entomol. Sci 34:3322–327. CSA
and
. 2000. Parasitoids reared from Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) nests in Missouri, with a state record of Elasmus polistis Burks (Hymenoptera: Elasmidae). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc 73:3186–188. Fig. 1. (a) Dibrachys pelos female on prepupa of S. caementarium; body length of adult female D. pelos = 3 mm; (b) Eggs of M. digitata on abdomen of newly eclosed adult D. pelos; (c) Gregarious larvae of D. pelos feeding on Anthrax sp. (Diptera: Bombyliidae); (d) Larva of M. digitata (arrow) feeding on larva of D. pelos.


Offspring production (Mean ± SD) at 25°C, 65% RH by D. pelos on various hosts, alone, and for the three possible competitive outcomes with M. digitata (n = 10).