Lecanora burgaziae, a new epiphytic species, is described from central Spain. It belongs to the Lecanora varia group with amphithecial cortex, and is closely related to L. densa and L. varia by the presence of psoromic acid and a distinctly thickened amphithecial cortex. The major differences are in thallus color, apothecia appearance and shape, and spore size. Lecanora burgaziae has a green thallus and greenish to slightly brown apothecial disc. Additionally, it has a thin apothecial margin and average spore size interval that does not overlap with other species in the group. We also included the first report of Lecanora coniferarum, L. densa, and L. laxa in Europe. A synopsis of the species of Lecanora varia group with amphithecial cortex in Spain is presented. Descriptions, notes on the ecology and distribution, and a key to the 10 species recognized in Spain are included.