Weed Technology

Published by: Weed Science Society of America

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Weed Technology 21(2):355-358. 2007
doi: 10.1614/WT-06-109.1

Crop Sequence and No-till Reduce Seedling Emergence of Common Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) in Following Years

Randy L. Anderson*

103* Agronomist, USDA-ARS, 2923 Medary Avenue, Brookings, SD 57006. Corresponding author's

Weed management is evolving to include cultural tactics that reduce weed populations. This study near Brookings, SD, evaluated the effect of crop sequence and tillage on seedling emergence of common sunflower across years. In the third and fourth years of the study, seedling density was sevenfold greater after 2 yr of soybean with tillage compared with a 2-yr sequence of canola and winter wheat with no-till. Apparently, canola and winter wheat enhanced the natural decline of common sunflower seed density in soil, leading to fewer seedlings in following years. In the first year of the study, tillage increased seedling emergence of common sunflower compared with no-till; seedlings rarely emerged in canola or winter wheat. Most seedlings of common sunflower emerged in May, with more than 90% of seedlings emerging between May 7 and June 4. Cool-season crops grown with no-till may affect weed seed survival in soil in the western Corn Belt.

Nomenclature: Common sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. HELAN; canola, Brassica napus L; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr; winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

Received: June 28, 2006; Accepted: September 2, 2006

Keywords: Crop diversity, rotation design, weed seed survival



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Figure 1. Density of common sunflower seedlings among five cultural treatments (CT, conventional tillage; NT, no-till; SB, soybean; RSB, rye as a cover crop with soybean) in the first year of the study (data were averaged across two sites; bars with the same letter are not significantly different as determined by Fisher's protected LSD [0.05])

Figure 2. Cumulative seedling emergence of common sunflower in years 3 and 4 (averaged) in the 21-m2 weed-free subplot as affected by crop sequence (years 1 and 2 indicated on x-axis; SB, soybean; RSB, rye as a cover crop with soybean; W, winter wheat; Can, canola) and tillage (CT, conventional tillage; NT, no-till) (data were averaged across sites; bars with the same letter are not significantly different as determined by Fisher's protected LSD [0.05])

Figure 3. Emergence pattern of common sunflower, averaged across 3 yr and two sites (triangles represent weekly seasonal emergence means for each of the six site–years)

table

Table 1. Cultural treatments related to seedling emergence of common sunflower.a

table

Table 2. Management practices for various crops grown in the study

Source of Materials

1 Sigma Plot. Jandel Scientific, San Rafael, CA, 94901.

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