Weed Science

Published by: Weed Science Society of America

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Weed Science 54(6):1073-1079. 2006
doi: 10.1614/WS-06-078R1.1

Hybridization between wheat and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) under field conditions

Harish T. Gandhia, Carol A. Mallory-Smitha, Christy J. W. Watsona, M. Isabel Valesa, Robert S. Zemetrab, and Oscar Riera-Lizarazuc

aDepartment of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331

bDepartment of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339

cCorresponding author. Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331;

Abstract

Jointed goatgrass is an important weed of wheat in the United States and other parts of the world. Under field conditions, wheat and jointed goatgrass can hybridize and produce backcross derivatives, a situation that may allow gene flow between these two species. In order to gain a better understanding of the factors governing gene flow, a study to characterize patterns of mating between these two species was undertaken. Chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite markers were used to evaluate the parentage of 413 first-generation backcross (BC1) seeds obtained from 127 wheat–jointed goatgrass F1 hybrids, produced naturally under field conditions. Of the 127 hybrids evaluated, 109 (85.8%) had jointed goatgrass as the female parent, whereas the remaining 18 F1 plants (14.2%) had wheat as the female parent. Of the 413 BC1 plants analyzed, 358 (86.7%) had wheat and 24 (5.8%) had jointed goatgrass as the male backcross parent. The male parentage of 31 BC1 (7.5%) plants could not be determined. Under natural field conditions, wheat was the prevalent pollen donor for the production of hybrids and first-generation backcross derivatives. However, hybrids and backcrosses with jointed goatgrass as the male parent also were observed. Thus, the establishment and persistence of a zone of hybridization between these species would result in the development of jointed goatgrass carrying wheat genes.

Nomenclature:Jointed goatgrass, Aegilops cylindrica Host AEGCY; wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

Received: April 18, 2006; Accepted: August 9, 2006

Keywords: Interspecific hybridization, cytoplasmic types, gene flow



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Figure 1. Hybridization scheme of wheat and jointed goatgrass under field conditions. The genomic composition (capitalized letters) of each individual is in parentheses, with the D genome in boldface. Genomes from jointed goatgrass (jgg) are in italics. F1 hybrids (F1J or F1W) are male-sterile but partially female-fertile. Thus, the production of BC1 seed on these hybrids requires cross-pollination from either wheat or jointed goatgrass as males. The chromosomal contribution of the female F1 hybrid to a particular BC1 is variable, but the male parent (wheat or jointed goatgrass) contributes an entire haploid complement of chromosomes (ABD from wheat and CD from jointed goatgrass)

Figure 2. Male parentage of BC1 plants across sites. The peak of each bar indicates the fraction (%) of BC1 plants contributed by each site. At each site, the proportion (%) of total BC1 plants produced due to pollination from wheat or jointed goatgrass are indicated by gray (wheat) or black (jointed goatgrass) subdivisions within each bar. Information about collection sites is presented in Table 4. A more comprehensive description of collections and collection sites was reported by Morrison et al. (2002a)

table

Table 1.Accessions of jointed goatgrass and wheat cultivars used for marker characterization

table

Table 2.Microsatellite marker allele sizes for jointed goatgrass accessions and wheat cultivars from F1 and BC1 collection sites

table

Table 3.Parentage of F1 and BC1 plants based on chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite analyses

table

Table 4.Parentage and collection information of wheat–jointed goatgrass hybrids and BC1 plants by collection site

Taq DNA polymerase, Qiagen, 27220 Turnberry Lane, Valencia, CA 91355.

Fluorescent dyes (FAM, HEX, TET, and ROX), Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City, CA 94404.

ABI Prism® 3100 Genetic Analyzer or ABI Prism® 377 DNA Sequencer, Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City, CA 94404.

ABI GeneScan® 2.1 and Genotyper® 2.0, Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City, CA 94404.

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