Weed Technology

Published by: Weed Science Society of America

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Weed Technology 15(3):576-584. 2001
doi: 10.1614/0890-037X(2001)015[0576:BRMBHT]2.0.CO;2

Between-Row Mowing + Banded Herbicide to Control Annual Weeds and Reduce Herbicide Use in No-till Soybean (Glycine max) and Corn (Zea mays)1

WILLIAM W. DONALD, NEWELL R. KITCHEN, KENNETH A. SUDDUTH2

2Res. Agronomist, Soil Scientist, Agric. Engr., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 269 Agric. Engr. Bldg., UMC, Columbia, MO 65211. Corresponding author's

Abstract:Alternative methods are needed to control weeds in no-till corn and soybean which minimize herbicide contamination of surface or ground water. The objective of this research was to determine whether between-row (BR) mowing + band-applied herbicide could help reduce herbicide use, without sacrificing summer annual weed control or yield, in no-till soybean and field corn. Glyphosate was applied shortly before or at planting to control emerged winter annual weeds in all treatments. In the BR mowing weed management system, the band-applied soil residual herbicides imazaquin + alachlor in soybean or atrazine + alachlor in corn were applied shortly before or after planting followed by two or more between-row mowings to control summer annual weeds. Annual weeds were first mowed when they were about 8 cm tall and again just before crop canopy closure. Between-row mowing weeds very close to the soil surface two or three times killed or suppressed summer annual grass and broadleaf weeds, chiefly giant foxtail, common cocklebur, and horseweed, when timed properly. The BR mowing weed management system increased yield above a weedy check in these no-till crops. It also controlled weeds and yielded as well as or better than broadcast-applied herbicide at the same rates. Use of soil residual herbicides to control summer annual weeds was reduced 50% by banding because only 50% of the field area was sprayed.

Nomenclature: Alachlor, atrazine; glyphosate; imazaquin; common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. # XANST; corn, Zea mays (L.) #3 ZEAMX, ‘Pioneer 3394’; giant foxtail, Setaria faberii (L.) Beauv. # SETFA; horseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq # CONCA; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. # GLYMA, ‘Pioneer 9461’.

Additional index words: Band application, defoliation, mowing, mechanical weed control, no-till, no-tillage, tillage, topping.

Abbreviations: DAP, days after planting; BR, between row.



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Figure 1. A diagram of the chief components of the between-row mowing weed management system for no-till row crops and how they contribute to weed management over time

Figure 2. Monthly rainfall and daily maximum and minimum air temperatures compared with long-term monthly average rainfall (22-year) and long-term daily average maximum and minimum air temperature (21-year) at the MSEA experimental site near Centralia, MO, in 1993 and 1994. Gray bars represent the growing season length for corn or soybean (soyb) in either year

Figure 3. Soybean yield (top panel), late summer between-row total, grass, and broadleaf weed ground cover (middle panel), and visually evaluated late summer total, grass, and broadleaf weed control (bottom panel) versus treatment. Means (bar) ± standard errors (capped whisker) are presented. Means for a variable with the same letter were not different by Fisher's protected LSD test (P = 0.05). Total weeds, grass weeds, and broadleaf weeds were analyzed separately for ground cover and rated control each year. Abbreviations: herb, herbicide; IR, in row; and BR, between row

Figure 4. Bar charts of corn yield (top panel), late summer between-row total, grass, and broadleaf weed ground cover (middle panel), and visually evaluated late summer total, grass, and broadleaf weed control (bottom panel) versus treatment. Means (bar) ± standard errors (capped whisker) are presented. Means for a variable with the same letter were not different by Fisher's protected LSD test (P = 0.05). Total weeds, grass weeds, and broadleaf weeds were analyzed separately for ground cover and rated control each year. Abbreviations: herb, herbicide, IR, in row; and BR, between row

table

Table 1.Dates of field operations or measurements for no-till soybean and corn in 1993 and 1994

table

Table 2.Sprayer and application description for herbicide treatments

Received for publication October 4, 2000, and in revised form May 29,2001.

Letters following this symbol are a WSSA-approved computer code from Composite List of Weeds, Revised 1989. Available only on computer disk from WSSA, 810 East 10th Street, Lawrence, KS 66044–8897.

Buffalo All-Flex Planter (model 4500-H), Fleischer Manufacturing, Inc., Box 848, Columbus, NE 68601.

Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable.

SPSS for Windows, version 6.0, 1993, SPSS Inc., 444 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611.

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