Weed Technology

Published by: Weed Science Society of America

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Weed Technology 14(3):602-607. 2000
doi: 10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0602:ACSACE]2.0.CO;2

A Cultural System Approach Can Eliminate Herbicide Need in Semiarid Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum)1

RANDY L. ANDERSON2

2Research Agronomist, USDA Central Great Plains Research Station, Akron, CO 80720. .

Abstract:Producers in the semiarid Great Plains are seeking management strategies to delay development of herbicide resistance. The objective of this study was to determine if cultural systems could control weeds in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum), thus eliminating the need for herbicides and removing selection pressure. Initially, we evaluated individual cultural practices for improving competitiveness of proso millet. Increasing seeding rate, banding N fertilizer with the seeds, growing a taller cultivar, and eliminating tillage favored proso millet over redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). Combining several cultural practices with delayed planting in a cultural system reduced biomass and seed production of two pigweed species 85% or more in both tilled and no-till systems, subsequently eliminating proso millet yield loss. Density of the two pigweed species was sevenfold greater in the tilled system, yet the cultural system approach was still effective. Cultural system impact on seed production suggests that pigweed densities will not increase over time. With cultural systems, producers can minimize selection pressure, thus delaying development of herbicide resistance.

Nomenclature: Redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. #3 AMARE; proso millet, Panicum miliaceum L. ‘Cope’, ‘Sunup’.

Additional index words: Delayed planting, increased seeding rate, nitrogen placement, tillage, AMARE.



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Figure 1. Effect of proso millet seeding rate and cultivar on biomass of redroot pigweed and grain yield of proso millet, compared with the control treatment of Sunup planted at 11 kg/ha. Data were averaged across 2 yr. Treatment means with identical letters do not differ significantly based on Fisher's protected LSD (0.05). Redroot pigweed biomass (fresh weight) was 6.2 g/plant, and grain yield was 1,880 kg/ha for the Sunup planted at 11 kg/ha treatment

Figure 2. Grain yield of proso millet in weed-free conditions as affected by cultural systems. A cultural system by tillage method interaction occurred; therefore, data were analyzed within tillage methods. Data were averaged across 3 yr. Treatment means within a tillage method with identical letters do not differ significantly based on Fisher's protected LSD (0.05). Cope* and Sunup* are cultural systems comprised of various cultural practices; see Table 3 for the system's cultural components

table

Table 1. Nitrogen application effect on growth of redroot pigweed and proso millet

table

Table 2. Seedling emergence and harvest density of redroot pigweed, and proso millet yield as affected by tillage treatment

table

Table 3. Cultural systems effect on weed growth and interference in proso millet, 1997–1999

Received for publication January 19, 2000, and in revised form May 24, 2000.

Letters following this symbol are a WSSA-approved computer code from Composite List of Weeds, Revised 1989. Available only on computer disk from WSSA, 810 East 10th Street, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897.

The sweep plow consists of V-shaped blades, 76 cm wide, that sever weed roots with minimum soil disturbance, tilling to a depth of 5 to 8 cm.

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Randy L. Anderson. (2007) Managing weeds with a dualistic approach of prevention and control. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 27:1, 13-18
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