Weed Science

Published by: Weed Science Society of America

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Weed Science 51(3):456-462. 2003
doi: 10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0456:ASADAA]2.0.CO;2

Atrazine sorption and desorption as affected by aggregate size, particle size, and soil type

Thomas M. DeSuttera, Sharon A. Clayb, David E. Clayc

a(Formerly at) Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007

bCorresponding author. Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007;

cPlant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007

Abstract

Wind-erodible soil sediments are classified as aggregates and particles <1 mm in diameter. Aggregate size has been reported to influence pesticide retention and behavior in the soil. Atrazine sorption and desorption isotherms were determined using batch equilibration methods for six aggregate sizes of Barnes loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Haplodol) and Brandt silty clay loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Haplodol) soils. Aggregate and particle sizes used in this study ranged from <0.11 to >1.7 mm, and atrazine concentrations ranged from 0.65 to 39.2 μmol L−1. The Kf values for the isotherms were calculated using the Freundlich equation. In the Barnes loam, Kf values were strongly positively correlated to aggregate size, particle size, and organic carbon (OC) content (P = 0.01 for each parameter), whereas in the Brandt silty clay loam, Kf values were less correlated to size and OC content (P ≥ 0.1) but were better correlated to clay content and estimated specific surface area (P = 0.05 for each parameter). Desorption was hysteretic with about 18% more atrazine desorbed from smallest than from largest size fractions. At a concentration of 13.0 μmol L−1, the amount desorbed ranged from 9 to 13.7% of the initial amount of adsorbed atrazine after 5 d, whereas at 39.2 μmol L−1, the amount desorbed ranged from 10.3 to 16% of the amount adsorbed. These data indicate that wind-erodible size aggregates and particles could be a source of herbicide contamination of surface water.

Nomenclature:Atrazine.

Received: January 7, 2002; Accepted: June 12, 2002

Keywords: Calcic Haplodol, herbicide transport, non–point source contamination, wind erosion



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Figure 1. Correlation of Freundlich sorption isotherms (Kf) of atrazine to (a) organic carbon and (b) specific surface area of six soil aggregate sizes from the surface 1 cm of a Barnes loam from Brookings, SD, and Brandt silty clay loam from Aurora, SD. Specific surface area (SS) was calculated on the basis of a modified equation of Pionke and DeAngelis (1980): SS = 100(%OC) + 75.0(% clay) + 0.4(% silt) + 0.005(% sand). An asterisk (*) for the correlation coefficient (r) indicates a probability level of 95%, and two asterisks (**) indicate a probability level of 99%

Figure 2. Correlation of the percentage of atrazine desorbed after 5 d from soil initially exposed to 13.0 or 39.2 μmol L−1 to (a) organic carbon (%) and (b) specific surface area (m2 g−1) of six soil aggregate sizes from the top 1 cm of a Barnes loam from Brookings, SD, and Brandt silty clay loam from Aurora, SD. Specific surface area (SS) was calculated on the basis of a modified equation of Pionke and DeAngelis (1980): SS = 100(%OC) + 75.0(% clay) + 0.4(% silt) + 0.005(% sand). An asterisk (*) for the correlation coefficient (r) indicates a probability level of 95%, and two asterisks (**) indicate a probability level of 99%

table

Table 1.Physical and chemical characterization of six aggregate sizes in the top 1 cm of soil reported by size fraction for Barnes loam from Brookings, SD, and Brandt silty clay loam from Aurora, SD. Size fractions <1.0 mm are classified as wind-erodible sediments. Specific surface area (SS) was calculated from a modified equation originally presented by Pionke and DeAngelis (1980): SS = 100(% OC) + 75(% clay) + 0.4(% silt) + 0.005(% sand)

table

Table 2.Kf(sorp) and slope (1/n) values for atrazine adsorption isotherms for six size fractions in the surface 1 cm of Barnes loam from Brookings, SD, and Brandt silty clay loam from Aurora, SD, fit to the linearized form of the Freundlich equation. KOC was determined by the equation: KOC = Kf /fOC where fOC is the fraction of organic carbon present in the size fraction

table

Table 3.The slope (1/ndes) of atrazine desorption isotherms of two initial atrazine sorption concentrations (13.0 and 39.2) for six size fractions in the surface 1 cm of Barnes loam from Brookings, SD, and Brandt silty clay loam from Aurora, SD, fit to the linearized form of the Freundlich equation after five 24-h desorption periods

table

Table 4.Percentage of initial amount of sorbed atrazine desorbed after five 24-h desorption periods at two initial atrazine concentrations (13.0 and 39.2) for six size fractions in the surface 1 cm of a Branes loam from Brookings, SD, and Brandt silty clay loam from Aurora, SD

Atrazine, 99% Purity, ChemService, West Chester, PA 19381.

Uniformily-ring labeled 14C-atrazine, Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO 63178.

Ultima-Gold Scintillation fluid, Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT 06450.

Beckman LS 6500 analyzer, Beckman Instruments, Inc., Fullerton, CA

Cited by

A. P. Schwab, P. A. Splichal, M. K. Banks. (2007) Adsorption of Atrazine and Alachlor to Aquifer Material and Soil. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 177:1-4, 119-134
Online publication date: 5-Jan-2007.
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