Weed Science

Published by: Weed Science Society of America

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Weed Science 49(3):340-345. 2001
doi: 10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0340:TFOWJG]2.0.CO;2

The fertility of wheat × jointed goatgrass hybrid and its backcross progenies

Zhining Wanga, Robert S. Zemetrab, Jennifer Hansenc, and Carol A. Mallory-Smithd

aDepartment of Plant Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339

bCorresponding author. Department of Plant Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339;

cDepartment of Plant Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339

dDepartment of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331

Abstract

The spontaneous flow of genes from wheat to jointed goatgrass is of great concern to breeders intending to release herbicide-resistant wheat. The objectives of this research were to study how genes could flow from wheat to jointed goatgrass through crossing and backcrossing between these two species and, based on this knowledge, to propose possible ways to minimize the chance of gene flow between them. Results showed that the wheat × jointed goatgrass hybrid can only serve as a female parent to produce the BC1 generation. The BC1 generation was found to have 1.8% male fertility and 4.4% female fertility, indicating that it could serve as either the male or female parent to produce a BC2 generation. The fertility of the resultant BC2 generation further increased. The average male, female, and self-fertility was 8.9, 18.0, and 6.9%, respectively. After the BC2 generation, the backcross progeny has three possible ways to reproduce: to pollinate jointed goatgrass, to be pollinated by jointed goatgrass, or to pollinate itself. Restoration of the chromosome number of jointed goatgrass continues as the BC2 generation is selfed, but some plants can contain an alien chromosome over generations. The possible ways to reduce the chance of gene flow between these two species are (1) prevent the production of hybrids, (2) prevent the production of the BC1 generation, and (3) put a herbicide-resistant gene on the A- or B-genome of wheat.

Nomenclature:Jointed goatgrass; Aegilops cylindrica Host AEGCY; wheat; Triticum aestivum L.

Received: September 10, 2000; Final version received: January 14, 2001

Keywords: Biological risk, herbicide resistance, introgression



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Figure 1. The restoration of fertility of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) × jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host) backcross progenies

Figure 2. Possible paths through which an herbicide resistance (HR) gene could flow from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host). Left side: when the HR gene is on the D-genome of wheat, the HR gene could be retained in backcross progenies even if all the A- or B-genome chromosomes are eliminated. Right side: when an HR gene is on the A- or B-genome of wheat, the HR gene would not be retained in backcross progenies unless chromosome retention or translocation occurs. The two scenarios assume each generation is under herbicide selection. *A7 B7 C7 D7 D7 means there are seven chromosomes in each of the A-, B-, C-, and D-genomes. The A- and B-genome chromosomes were gradually eliminated during backcross, and the number goes from seven to zero. The C-genome chromosomes were gradually recovered from seven in the hybrid to 14 in the BC2S2

Figure 3. The production and destination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) × jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host) hybrid seeds

Figure 4. The meiotic behavior of chromosomes in BC2S2 individuals. (A) Individuals with 28 chromosomes formed 14 bivalents during metaphase I. (B) Individuals with 29 chromosomes formed 14 bivalents plus one univalent (arrow) during metaphase I. (C) The additional chromosome (arrow) lagged during anaphase I and would eventually be lost, resulting in a gamete with 14 chromosomes. (D) The additional chromosome successfully reached one of two opposite poles, forming two kinds of gametes with 14 and 15 chromosomes, respectively

table

Table 1. The fertility of Triticum aestivum × Aegilops cylindrica F1 hybrids and their backcross progenies when backcrossed to A. cylindrica (JGG)

table

Table 2. The selfing fertility and stability of an alien chromosome in Triticum aestivum × Aegilops cylindrica BC2S2 progenies

Cited by

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Online publication date: 1-Jun-2009.
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I LOUREIRO, C ESCORIAL, J-M GARCÍA BAUDIN, M-C CHUECA. (2009) Hybridisation between wheat and Aegilops geniculata and hybrid fertility for potential herbicide resistance transfer. Weed Research 48:6, 561-570
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Todd A. Gaines, W. Brien Henry, Patrick F. Byrne, Philip Westra, Scott J. Nissen, Dale L. Shaner. (2008) Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops Cylindrica) by Imidazolinone-Resistant Wheat Hybridization under Field Conditions. Weed Science 56:1, 32-36
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Maqsood Rehman, Jennifer L. Hansen, Jack Brown, William Price, Robert S. Zemetra, Carol A. Mallory-Smith. (2006) Effect of wheat genotype on the phenotype of wheat × jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) hybrids. Weed Science 54:4, 690-694
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Iñigo Loureiro, María Concepción Escorial, José María García-Baudín, María Cristina Chueca. (2006) Evidence of natural hybridization between Aegilops geniculata and wheat under field conditions in Central Spain. Environmental Biosafety Research 5:2, 105-109
Online publication date: 1-May-2006.
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E. Ann Clark. (2006) Environmental risks of genetic engineering. Euphytica 148:1-2, 47-60
Online publication date: 1-Apr-2006.
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BRADLEY D. HANSON, CAROL A. MALLORY-SMITH, WILLIAM J. PRICE, BAHMAN SHAFII, DONALD C. THILL, ROBERT S. ZEMETRA. (2005) Interspecific Hybridization: Potential for Movement of Herbicide Resistance from Wheat to Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica). Weed Technology 19:3, 674-682
Online publication date: 1-Jul-2005.

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James A. Anderson, Leanne Matthiesen, Justin Hegstad. (2004) Resistance to an imidazolinone herbicide is conferred by a gene on chromosome 6DL in the wheat line cv. 9804. Weed Science 52:1, 83-90
Online publication date: 1-Jan-2004.

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Laura A. Morrison, Lisèle C. Crémieux, Carol A. Mallory-Smith. (2002) Infestations of jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) and its hybrids with wheat in Oregon wheat fields. Weed Science 50:6, 737-747
Online publication date: 1-Nov-2002.

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DREW J. LYON, ALVIN J. BUSSAN, JOHN O. EVANS, CAROL A. MALLORY-SMITH, THOMAS F. PEEPER. (2002) Pest Management Implications of Glyphosate-Resistant Wheat (Triticum aestivum)in the Western United States. Weed Technology 16:3, 680-690
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