A review and illustrated key of the aphidiine parasitoids of Aphis ruborum (Börner and Schilder) are presented including their distribution. The parasitoid spectrum of A. ruborum in the West Palaearctic is rich, composed of Aphidius colemani Viereck, Aphidius matricariae Haliday, Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall), Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday), Ephedrus persicae Froggatt, Lipolexis gracilis Förster, Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay and Eady, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall), and Praon abjectum (Haliday), and supplemented by the introduction of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson). In the Americas the parasitoid complex of A. ruborum consists of A. colemani, Aphidius ervi Haliday (South America), and L. testaceipes (South and North America). Furthermore, the reservoir role of A. ruborum in various ecosystems was investigated in Europe (France) and South America (Chile). Faunal peculiarities and relationships of the parasitoid taxa are discussed together with a synopsis of their potential as biocontrol agents.