Annals of the Entomological Society of America

Published by: Entomological Society of America



Annals of the Entomological Society of America 95(1):125-132. 2002
doi: 10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0125:GSOAAD]2.0.CO;2

Genetic Structure of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations Based on Mitochondrial ND5 Sequences: Evidence for an Independent Invasion into Brazil and United States

Josephine Birungib and Leonard E. Munstermannab

a

bDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520–8034

Abstract

Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Asian tiger mosquito, a dengue fever vector, colonized the United States and Brazil ≈15 yr ago. The geographic origin and changes in population structure were examined using DNA sequences of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5). A 450 bp region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and screened for variation by both the single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) mutation detection technique and direct sequencing. The United States populations were typified by some local differentiation, but the most common and widespread haplotype was characteristic of the native range (Asian) populations as well. A comparison of the native range populations with the United States populations indicated a shared ancestral origin. The Brazil populations contained private (population specific) haplotypes, indicating no genetic exchange between the Brazil and the United States populations since introduction. Local differentiation was not observed among Brazil populations in contrast to the United States populations; this suggested distinctive dispersal mechanisms in the two countries. Extremely low variability was present in the A. albopictus mitochondrial sequences when contrasted with other taxa, reflecting a history of dispersal from a narrow genetic base. In contrast, relatively high levels of variation in several sequenced nuclear loci indicated the following colonization sequence: (1) the founding population was small, genetic drift had insufficient time to reduce variation at nuclear loci, and (2) populations successively expanded to new geographic areas established from a few founder females.

Received: March 22, 2001; Accepted: August 30, 2001



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Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of Aedes albopictus and collection sites in the United States, Brazil and the native range. Acronyms identify sampled populations

Fig. 2. Distribution of mitochondrial ND5 haplotypes among A. albopictus populations. (a) Frequency of A. albopictus mitochondrial ND5 Haplotypes. Asterisks denote several geographic samples with the same haplotype within a continent (AT* = PE and ME; JCP* = VIT; MY* = IND and JP) (See acronyms in Fig. 1). (b) Minimum spanning network based on Kimura distances among mitochondrial ND5 haplotypes. Each cross hatch line indicates a single base substitution. Numbers in circles correspond to the haplotypes (cf. Table 1 and Fig. 2a). The size of the circle is proportional to the haplotype frequency

table

Table 1. Variable sites in nine haplotypes identified from a 405 bp region of the mitochondrial ND5 gene among Brazil, United States, Malaysia, Madagascar, Indonesia and Japan populations

table

Table 2. Polymorphism statistics for a 405 bp region of the mitochondrial ND5 gene in populations of A. albopictus

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