Annals of the Entomological Society of America
Published by: Entomological Society of America
Annals of the Entomological Society of America 93(4):738-744. 2000
doi: 10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0738:MMDEFA]2.0.CO;2
Molecular Markers Distinguishing Encarsia formosa and Encarsia luteola (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)


Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
Abstract
Reciprocal molecular markers were developed to distinguish the closely related parasitoid species Encarsia formosa Gahan and E. luteola Howard. E. formosa is widely used in the biological control of whiteflies and yet, based upon morphology, it is extremely difficult to distinguish from E. luteola. The D2 expansion region of 28S rDNA was sequenced from seven strains of E. formosa and two strains of E. luteola to assess the amount of genetic variation within and between species at this locus. From parsimony analysis we find that populations of E. formosa and E. luteola each form a monophyletic clade and are probably each other’s most closely related sister taxon. Based upon the sequence variation between species, we present a simple molecular assay to rapidly and unambiguously distinguish E. formosa and E. luteola.
Received: September 20, 1999; Accepted: January 26, 2000
Keywords: Bemisia, Encarsia, biological control, genetic markers, 28S rDNA
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Fig. 2. E. formosa: (a) dorsal view of mesosoma, (b) dorsal view of axilla, (c) dorsal view of scutellum. E. luteola: (d) dorsal view of mesosoma, (e) dorsal view of axilla, (f) dorsal view of scutellum. Lines indicate axis with diagnostic number of cells
Fig. 3. Single most-parsimonious tree based on 43 parsimony-informative characters in the 28S-D2 gene region (PAUP 4.0b2a). Tree length = 130; CI = 0.923; RI = 0.875; tree stable to successive weighting. Bootstrap and jackknife values are shown above and below the branches, respectively
Fig. 4. Partial alignments of sequenced D2 region of 28S rDNA. Dots (.) indicate sequence identity compared with E. luteola D144. Recognition sites for restriction enzymes PvuI and SalI are shaded. Point mutations rendering recognition sites inactive are shown in bold
Fig. 5. Restriction digests of amplified 28S-D2 region. Left panel: PvuI digests. Right panel: SalI digests. In each panel: lanes M, 100bp DNA Ladder (GibcoBRL); lanes 1–2, E. luteola D144 and D243, respectively; lanes 3–8, E. formosa D131, D143, D230, D231, D240, D241, respectively. Arrowheads indicate doublet formed by 341 and 293 bp fragments
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