Vismia atlantica, a new species endemic to the central region of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is described and illustrated. Collections of this species were initially identified as Vismia latifolia (probably because of a misinterpretation by Reichardt in Flora brasiliensis) and, more recently, as Vismia macrophylla. Vismia atlantica is part of a group of species having large leaves with numerous secondary veins and persistent stamens on the berries, features also present in the Amazonian species Vismia sandwithii.