Essential oils extracted from 4 different plant species—citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), hairy basil (Ocimum americanum), sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), and vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides)—were investigated for their irritant and repellent activities against Anopheles minimus, using an excito-repellency test system. Pure essential oils were used in absolute ethanol at the concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% (v/v) compared with deet. At the lowest concentration of 0.5%, hairy basil displayed the best irritant and repellent effects against An. minimus. Citronella and vetiver at 1–5% showed strong irritant effects with>80% escape, while repellent effects of both oils were observed at 1% and 2.5% citronella (73–89% escape) and at 5% vetiver (83.9% escape). Sweet basil had only moderate irritant action at 5% concentration (69.6% escape) and slightly repellent on test mosquitoes (<50% escape). The results found that hairy basil, citronella, and vetiver are promising potential mosquito repellent products for protection against An. minimus.
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1 March 2016
Avoidance Behavior to Essential Oils by Anopheles minimus, a Malaria Vector in Thailand
Jirod Nararak,
Sunaiyana Sathantriphop,
Kamal Chauhan,
Siripun Tantakom,
Amanda L. Eiden,
Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap
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Anopheles minimus
DEET
essential oils
excito-repellency