Derris Lour. and Brachypterum (Wight & Arn.) Benth. (Leguminosae subfamily Papilionoideae) in Australia are revised on the basis of examination of fresh, dried and spirit-preserved specimens and phylogenetic analysis of plastid matK and nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data. Three species of Derris and four species of Brachypterum are recognised as occurring in Australia. Two new Brachypterum species, namely Brachypterum nitidum W.E.Cooper and Brachypterum opacum W.E.Cooper, are described and illustrated. Notes on habitat, distribution and an identification key are presented for all species of both genera that occur in Australia.